城市、戲曲與性別:近代京津地區(qū)女伶群體研究(1900-1937)
本文選題:近代 + 京津地區(qū) ; 參考:《南開大學(xué)》2012年博士論文
【摘要】:近代女伶群體是一個(gè)特殊的社會(huì)群體。一方面,女伶屬于職業(yè)女性的范疇;另一方面她們又不同于普通的職業(yè)女性。由于早期女伶中有許多兼操妓業(yè),加之從事戲曲行業(yè)往往為人輕視,因此女伶的社會(huì)聲譽(yù)不高。1912年,自俞振庭將女伶引入北京始,各劇種的女伶群體在近代開始逐漸登上舞臺(tái)。 由于京津地區(qū)具有歷史悠久的戲曲傳統(tǒng),因而,,近代女伶群體率先在該地的出現(xiàn)具有先天優(yōu)勢。在近代京津地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中,公共娛樂空間的擴(kuò)展、新興娛樂方式的出現(xiàn)以及輿論媒體環(huán)境的充分發(fā)展更為女伶群體的出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造了良好的生存環(huán)境。因此,京津地區(qū)的女伶群體兼具有新舊兩種職業(yè)女性的特點(diǎn)。 近代京津地區(qū)先后活躍著三個(gè)主要?jiǎng)》N的女伶群體。分別是河北梆子、京劇與評(píng)劇女伶。經(jīng)過艱苦的學(xué)藝和演出,女伶?zhèn)冞\(yùn)用自身的性別優(yōu)勢及豐富的舞臺(tái)經(jīng)驗(yàn),推動(dòng)各劇種的發(fā)展進(jìn)步。 大部份女伶來自貧苦或家道中落的環(huán)境,不同層次的女伶群體日常生活各有不同,感情婚姻也境況各異。然而,她們通過積極參與各種社交活動(dòng)和公益演出,企圖提升自身的社會(huì)地位。 女伶在戲曲中的性別跨界表演,可說是在男性形塑下的產(chǎn)物。目的各異,方式不同的各種捧角現(xiàn)象不僅造就了女伶的“明星化”,也推動(dòng)了城市大眾娛樂文化的發(fā)展。部分女伶表演的形式及內(nèi)容,也容易使觀眾將女伶與淫戲混為一談。 從微觀的角度來看,奎德社是民國時(shí)期京津地區(qū)影響最大的坤班社?律珉m然是由女伶作為主力組成,然而其發(fā)展沿革、內(nèi)部的分工管理以及其上演劇目等均是在男性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、支持或幫助下完成。該社所演的時(shí)裝新戲曾風(fēng)靡一時(shí),充分發(fā)揮了戲曲的社會(huì)教化功能。 本研究著眼于探討女伶群體與戲曲及城市發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系。 首先,近代女伶發(fā)揮了自身的主觀能動(dòng)性,進(jìn)而推動(dòng)戲曲藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。其次,近代女伶群體的崛起反映了京津地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)及城市文化的發(fā)展。通過分析女伶群體形成及發(fā)展過程中,公共空間、輿論媒體等影響因素,把握社會(huì)變遷的歷史復(fù)雜性,有助于進(jìn)一步發(fā)掘城市大眾文化的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。而女伶群體的公共演出與日常生活,既是城市文化的體現(xiàn),又是推動(dòng)城市化進(jìn)程的動(dòng)力。第三,女伶的社會(huì)形態(tài)仍具有傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的色彩。第四,在性別研究的意義層面上,通過觀戲者、捧角家、編劇人等不同的表現(xiàn),體現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)對(duì)女伶的形塑,展現(xiàn)女伶自身的人生軌跡,以及女伶群體對(duì)自身形象的再塑。透過京津地區(qū)社會(huì)性別關(guān)系演變的觀察,可以見到近代性別的傳統(tǒng)權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)在都市社會(huì)中的時(shí)代變化。 總而言之,在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型及朝現(xiàn)代化邁向之際,女伶群體隨之形成、發(fā)展及壯大。這一群體所呈現(xiàn)出的社會(huì)形態(tài)雖然仍然具有傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的色彩,但她們也做出了向現(xiàn)代邁步的各種努力。
[Abstract]:The modern group of actresses is a special social group. On the one hand, actresses belong to the category of professional women; on the other hand, they are different from ordinary professional women. Due to the fact that many of the early actresses were engaged in prostitution and were often despised in the opera industry, the social reputation of the actresses was not high. In 1912, since Yu Zhenting introduced the actresses to Beijing, the group of actresses of all kinds began to appear on the stage gradually in modern times. Because Beijing and Tianjin have a long history of opera tradition, the emergence of the modern group of actresses in this area has a congenital advantage. In the process of social and economic structure transformation in modern Beijing-Tianjin area, the expansion of public entertainment space, the emergence of new entertainment mode and the full development of media environment of public opinion have created a good living environment for women actors. Therefore, there are two kinds of professional women in Beijing and Tianjin. In modern times, there are three groups of actresses active in Beijing and Tianjin. Hebei Bangzi, Peking Opera and commentary opera actress. Through hard study and performance, actresses use their own gender advantages and rich stage experience to promote the development and progress of all kinds of plays. Most of the actresses come from poor or family environment, different levels of groups of actresses have different daily life, emotional marriage conditions are also different. However, they try to improve their social status by actively participating in various social activities and public service performances. The cross-sexual performance of the actress in the opera can be said to be the product of the male shape. Different aim and different ways not only bring up the actress's "star", but also promote the development of urban mass entertainment culture. The form and content of some actresses also make it easy for the audience to confuse the actress and the harlot. From the micro point of view, the Kuide Society was the most influential one in Beijing and Tianjin during the period of the Republic of China. Although the Quaid Society is composed of actresses, its development, internal division of labor management and its repertoire are all completed under the leadership, support or help of men. The new fashion drama performed by the society was all the rage and brought into full play the social enlightenment function of the opera. This study focuses on the relationship between the group of actresses, opera and urban development. First of all, modern actresses play their own subjective role, and then promote the development of opera art. Secondly, the rise of modern actresses reflects the development of economy and urban culture in Beijing and Tianjin. By analyzing the influence factors such as public space, media of public opinion and so on, in the process of formation and development of the group of actresses, we can grasp the historical complexity of social changes and help to further explore the practical significance of urban mass culture. The public performance and daily life of the group of actresses are not only the embodiment of urban culture, but also the motive force to promote the process of urbanization. Third, the social form of actress still has the color of traditional society. Fourthly, on the meaning level of gender research, through the different performances of opera watchers, performers, screenwriters, etc., it reflects the social shaping of the actresses at that time, showing the life track of the actresses themselves, and the remolding of their image by the group of actresses. By observing the evolution of gender relations in Beijing and Tianjin, we can see the change of modern gender traditional power structure in urban society. In a word, as the society changes and moves towards modernization, the group of actresses forms, develops and grows. Although the social form presented by this group still has the color of traditional society, they also make all kinds of efforts to move towards the modern.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:C913.68;K25
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