本文選題：原敬 + 徐世昌　； 參考：《民國檔案》2017年04期

【摘要】：依照《中華民國臨時約法》,民國北京政府實(shí)行責(zé)任內(nèi)閣制,大總統(tǒng)僅具有象征性地位。但徐世昌因夙為北洋派元老,具備較高的政治威望,作為直皖雙方都可接受的總統(tǒng)人選,得到日本政府認(rèn)可,故得以擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)并參與主導(dǎo)政府決策。日本內(nèi)閣首相原敬作為在眾議院中擁有多數(shù)議席的政友會總裁,以眾議院為基礎(chǔ),依托貴族院中占有多數(shù)的親政友會派,通過陸軍大臣田中義一與軍部進(jìn)行合作。這一時期中日兩國政府決策過程具有共同點(diǎn),即北京政府大總統(tǒng)徐世昌與國務(wù)總理錢能訓(xùn)需要取得以皖系領(lǐng)袖段祺瑞為首的北洋軍閥實(shí)力派的支持和贊同,才能進(jìn)行決策,日本政府首相原敬也需要取得元老山縣有朋的理解和認(rèn)可,才能更順利地進(jìn)行決策;在兩國政府決策過程中不能忽視外部因素的影響,北京政府的決策受制于日本和以英美為核心的列強(qiáng)以及國內(nèi)輿論壓力,原敬內(nèi)閣在與英美協(xié)調(diào)并考慮與中國南北政府關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上做出決策。兩國政府決策過程也存在不同點(diǎn),徐世昌與錢能訓(xùn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力弱小,如果不能征得段祺瑞等北洋軍閥實(shí)力派的同意,即使做出決策,也很難得到有效實(shí)施,而且決策如遭致國會反對,國務(wù)總理受到國會彈劾則惟有辭職一途;而原敬依靠自身強(qiáng)大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力和與元老山縣有朋的協(xié)商一致,通過內(nèi)閣會議就可以順利做出決策。
[Abstract]:According to the interim Treaty Law of the Republic of China, the Beijing government of the Republic of China has a responsible cabinet system, and the President has only symbolic status. However, Xu Shichang was accepted by the Japanese government because he was an old patriarch of the Beiyang faction, had high political prestige, and was accepted by both the direct and Anhui governments, so he was able to be president and participate in leading government decisions. As the president of the Council of Friends, which has a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, Prime Minister Harakim of Japan, based on the House of Representatives and relying on the majority of the members of the House of Lords, cooperates with the military Department through Army Minister Nakayi Tanaka. During this period, the decision-making process between the Chinese and Japanese governments had something in common, that is, Beijing Government President Xu Shichang and State Premier Qian Neng-hun needed the support and approval of the Northern warlords, led by the leader of the Anhui Department, Duan Qirui, in order to make the decision. Japanese Prime Minister Harakimoto also needs to gain the understanding and recognition of friends from Yuanlaoshan Prefecture in order to make decisions more smoothly. In the decision-making process of the two governments, the influence of external factors cannot be ignored. The Beijing government's decision was constrained by Japan, the Anglo-American powers and domestic public pressure. The former cabinet made the decision on the basis of coordination with the Anglo-American government and consideration of the relationship with China's north-south government. There are also differences between the decision-making processes of the two governments. Xu Shichang and Qian Nengxun have weak leadership. If they cannot obtain the consent of Northern warlords such as Duan Qi-rui, even if they make decisions, it will be very difficult to implement them effectively. Moreover, if the decision is opposed by the parliament, the prime minister can only resign if impeached by the parliament; and Yuan rely on his strong leadership and consultation with the Yuanlaoshan prefecture to make the decision smoothly through the cabinet meeting.
【作者單位】： 中國社會科學(xué)院世界歷史研究所;
【基金】：中國社會科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目“原敬政治思想研究”階段性成果
【分類號】：K258

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本文編號：1976205