本文選題：建國初期 + 河南省�。� 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：1949年夏至1952年初,在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,河南省在新解放區(qū)開展了轟轟烈烈的土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。與中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的以往的土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)不同,這次土改是在全國的人民政權(quán)已經(jīng)建立的情況下開展的,建國初期中國共產(chǎn)黨依然面對(duì)各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn)和不利局面,新解放區(qū)的土地改革發(fā)生在這樣一個(gè)非常時(shí)期,有著它的歷史必然性。完成土地改革是中國新民主主義革命的必然要求,也是鞏固農(nóng)村人民基層政權(quán)的需要。加之當(dāng)時(shí)正處于新舊經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)變中,國內(nèi)面臨著嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),中共中央要實(shí)現(xiàn)我國財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本好轉(zhuǎn),邁出的重要一步就是有步驟有秩序的進(jìn)行土地改革。 土地改革之前河南省的土地狀況有個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)——土地高度集中。占總?cè)丝诓坏?0㳠的地主階級(jí)占有全省50㳠的耕地。在極其不合理的土地分配制度以及地主殘酷的地租、高利貸剝削之下,絕大多數(shù)無地和少地的農(nóng)民過著異常貧困的生活。河南省的土地改革是根據(jù)中共中央和中南局關(guān)于新區(qū)土改的路線方針政策,以及《中華人民共和國土地法大綱》進(jìn)行的。河南省土地改革的全過程大致可分為三個(gè)階段:準(zhǔn)備階段(1949年初——1949年夏),這期間進(jìn)行了清匪反霸、減租減息和發(fā)動(dòng)組織群眾等準(zhǔn)備工作;展開階段(1949年冬——1951年春),本階段主要在全省范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行了三批土改;復(fù)查階段(1951年夏——1952年2月),主要對(duì)之前的土改進(jìn)行全面的檢查整頓,糾正錯(cuò)劃的階級(jí)成份,壯大農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)力量,鞏固基層政權(quán)。 建國初期河南省土地改革是在黨中央的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,從本省的客觀實(shí)際情況出發(fā),有計(jì)劃有步驟分批次一步一步進(jìn)行的,大致都經(jīng)歷了如下步驟:一是廣泛大力宣傳土改政策,積極動(dòng)員人民群眾,組建土改的骨干力量。二訴苦劃分階級(jí),深入開展斗爭(zhēng),三是沒收分配地主的土地財(cái)產(chǎn),分配給無地和少地的農(nóng)民。四是組建各種組織,發(fā)放土地證,確定地權(quán)。五是結(jié)束土改,轉(zhuǎn)向生產(chǎn)建設(shè)。縱觀建國初期河南省土地改革的全過程,由于主觀和客觀的原因,也有它不足的地方,使得土地改革工作存在“夾生”現(xiàn)象。但是取得的成就是毋庸置疑的。消滅了地主階級(jí),使農(nóng)村的土地占有制合理化,農(nóng)民經(jīng)過土地改革獲得了土地,改善了生活狀況,為隨后河南省社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 分析和研究建國初期河南省的土地改革問題,總結(jié)其歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),對(duì)于正確認(rèn)識(shí)河南農(nóng)村階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)、土地改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的長(zhǎng)期性和復(fù)雜性,深刻揭示了中國革命的發(fā)展規(guī)律和特點(diǎn),都具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和理論意義。尤其是目前我國改革開放進(jìn)一步深入,農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)民即所謂的“三農(nóng)”問題日益成為制約我國進(jìn)一步向前發(fā)展的主要問題。通過對(duì)河南省土地改革的原因、政策、方法、措施、作用、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和特點(diǎn)等問題的探討,可以為現(xiàn)今河南省農(nóng)村社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和諧,農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及今后農(nóng)村的改革提供歷史依據(jù)和借鑒。
[Abstract]:In 1949, in early summer and early 1952, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Henan province launched a vigorous land reform movement in the new Jiefang District. Unlike the former land reform movement led by the Communist Party of China, the land reform was opened under the establishment of the National People's power, and the Communist Party of China was still facing each other in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. The land reform of the new Jiefang District has taken place in such a very period, with its historical inevitability. The completion of land reform is the inevitable requirement of the new democratic revolution in China and the need to consolidate the grass-roots political power of the rural people. In addition, it is facing the transformation of the new and old economic system at that time. In the severe economic situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China must take steps and orderly land reform to achieve a fundamental improvement in China's financial and economic situation.
Before the land reform, the land situation in Henan province has a remarkable feature - the high concentration of land. The landlord class, which accounts for less than 10 of the total population, occupies 50? Of the province's arable land. In the extremely unreasonable land distribution system and the cruelty landlords of the landlords, under the usury exploitation, the vast majority of the landless and less land farmers live an abnormally poor life. The land reform in Henan province is based on the policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central South Bureau on the route policy of the new land reform in the new area and the outline of the land law of People's Republic of China. The whole process of land reform in Henan can be divided into three stages: the preparatory stage (early in 1949, summer of 1949), during which the anti hegemony of the bandits, the reduction of rent and interest and the reduction of interest and interest were carried out. To organize the preparations for the organization of the masses and so on; in the unfolding stage (winter of 1949 - 1951 spring), the three batch of soil reform was carried out in the whole province in this stage; the reexamination stage (1951 summer February 1952) was carried out in a comprehensive examination and rectification of the previous soil reform, the correction of the wrong class composition, the strength of the peasant association and the consolidation of the grass-roots power.
In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the land reform of Henan province was under the leadership of the Party Central Committee. Starting from the objective actual situation of the province, there were plans to step by step and step by step. The following steps were carried out: first, extensive and vigorous propaganda of the policy of soil reform, the active mobilization of the people and the backbone of the construction of soil reform. Two The three is to confiscate the land and property of the landlord and distribute the land and property to the landless and less landlords. The four is to organize various organizations, to issue land certificates and to determine the land rights. Five is to end the land reform and turn to the production and construction. The whole process of land reform in Henan Province in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, because of the subjective and objective reasons, also has its shortcomings. There is no doubt in the achievements of the work of leather, but the landlord class is eliminated, the land possession system in the countryside is rationalized, the peasants have obtained the land through the land reform, improved the living conditions, and laid the foundation for the development of the social and economic development of Henan province.
The analysis and study of the land reform in Henan province in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and summarizing its historical experience and lessons are of great academic and theoretical significance for the correct understanding of the long-term nature and complexity of the rural class struggle, land reform and economic construction in Henan, and are of great academic and theoretical significance. China's reform and opening up further, rural, agricultural, farmers, the so-called "three rural" problem has increasingly become the main problem which restricts the further development of our country. Through the discussion of the reasons, policies, methods, measures, functions, experience and characteristics of the land reform in Henan Province, it can be a stable and harmonious rural society in Henan province. It provides historical basis and reference for the development of agriculture and the reform of rural areas in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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本文編號(hào)：1949375