本文選題：楊格 + 國民政府�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期楊格對華活動(dòng)的核心是求助外援和貨幣管理,這兩方面緊密聯(lián)系。抗戰(zhàn)前期,國民政府最需要的現(xiàn)金援助,在很大程度上是用來維持貨幣,法幣的內(nèi)外價(jià)值關(guān)系到國民政府的存亡；后期國民政府對通貨膨脹和物價(jià)治理的效果,又直接關(guān)系到能否繼續(xù)有效獲取外援。如何利用外援進(jìn)行有效的貨幣管理?除了抗戰(zhàn)初期不計(jì)代價(jià)的拋售外匯以維持法幣,楊格思考的最終答案便是通過國際資金的注入,運(yùn)用金融力量進(jìn)行市場運(yùn)作,以較少的代價(jià)維持法幣的基本穩(wěn)定,其典型代表是中英平準(zhǔn)基金。如果從1938年6月中英金融勢力聯(lián)合維持匯市算起,這一政策實(shí)際發(fā)揮作用的時(shí)間兩年有余,為楊格所推崇；然而,1941年在中英美平準(zhǔn)基金的運(yùn)作中,國民政府逐漸放棄了這一政策,國民政府因此失去了對符合實(shí)際情況的匯率的維持,在官方匯率上采取了頑固的態(tài)度,楊格認(rèn)為這是導(dǎo)致國民政府貨幣失敗的一個(gè)重要原因。 如有用有效的貨幣管理來體現(xiàn)財(cái)政能力,進(jìn)一步爭取外援?太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),特別是美國五億美元借款成立之后,貨幣管理的效果反過來影響到中國對外求援的進(jìn)度。雖然這一時(shí)期,對中國國際信用造成影響的因素是多方面的,但是五億美援在抑制通貨膨脹方面的失敗,無疑是一個(gè)不利因素。楊格曾多次提醒國民政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人注意通貨膨脹的問題,使用美援抑制通貨膨脹即是其中的一條重要建議,其失敗是中美兩方面的因素造成的。楊格認(rèn)為,在美金公債的發(fā)行過程中,中方?jīng)]有及時(shí)調(diào)整匯率和發(fā)動(dòng)有效的社會動(dòng)員,收效甚微。在黃金政策的推行過程中,美方財(cái)政部官員有意阻撓,該政策未能在戰(zhàn)時(shí)發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的效果。這些問題,在客觀上造成了國民政府后期通貨膨脹加劇和社會秩序的混亂,在主觀上讓中美雙方陷入更深的矛盾之中。 楊格對戰(zhàn)時(shí)財(cái)政的重要貢獻(xiàn),還體現(xiàn)在對債信的維持和對戰(zhàn)后財(cái)政的設(shè)計(jì),這兩個(gè)主題分別在第一章和第四章加以論述。楊格的戰(zhàn)時(shí)債務(wù)思想從戰(zhàn)前延續(xù)到戰(zhàn)時(shí),在戰(zhàn)時(shí)外債停付的過程中,楊格做了最大限度的努力,在盡可能的情況下努力繼續(xù)償還債務(wù),在國民政府決定放棄償付之后努力減少該政策對中國與各債權(quán)國之間關(guān)系的沖擊。關(guān)于戰(zhàn)后財(cái)政,楊格強(qiáng)調(diào)國民政府應(yīng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)政穩(wěn)定的為要目標(biāo),采取自助然后進(jìn)一步尋求他助的態(tài)度。在楊格提出的若干財(cái)政建言中,側(cè)重于戰(zhàn)后財(cái)政的鞏固恢復(fù)和國民政府自身的改革,與此同時(shí),楊格參與了國際貨幣基金組織的籌建和向聯(lián)合國善后救濟(jì)總署申請?jiān)墓ぷ?為戰(zhàn)后中國之善后救濟(jì)及重建奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The core of Yang GE's activities in China during the War of Resistance against Japan was to seek foreign aid and currency management, which were closely linked. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, the most needed cash assistance by the National Government was to a large extent used to maintain the currency, and the internal and external value of the law was related to the survival of the National Government, and the effect of the latter period on the control of inflation and prices. And directly related to whether to continue to effectively obtain foreign aid. How to use foreign aid for effective monetary management? In addition to selling foreign exchange at no cost in the early years of the War of Resistance against Japan to maintain the currency, Young's final answer was to use financial forces to operate the market through the injection of international funds, so as to maintain the basic stability of the legal currency at a relatively low cost. Its typical example is the Sino-British Stabilization Fund. If the Chinese and British financial forces jointly maintained the foreign exchange market in June 1938, the policy would have actually worked for more than two years and was respected by Yang GE; however, in 1941, in the operation of the Sino-British stabilization fund, The National Government gradually abandoned this policy, so it lost the maintenance of the exchange rate in line with the actual situation, and adopted a stubborn attitude on the official exchange rate, which Yang GE thought was an important reason for the failure of the national government currency. If effective monetary management is used to reflect fiscal capacity and further seek foreign aid? After the Pacific War broke out, especially after the US borrowed $500 million, the effectiveness of currency management in turn affected China's progress in seeking foreign aid. Although there are many factors that affect China's international credit in this period, the failure of 500 million US aid to curb inflation is undoubtedly a disadvantageous factor. Yang GE has repeatedly reminded the leaders of the National Government to pay attention to the problem of inflation, and the use of US aid to curb inflation is one of the important suggestions, and its failure is caused by both China and the United States. Yang believes that China's failure to adjust its exchange rate and mobilize effective social mobilization in the process of issuing US dollar bonds has had little effect. Treasury officials obstructed the implementation of the gold policy, which failed to work in wartime. These problems objectively led to the intensification of inflation and the chaos of social order in the late period of the National Government, and subjectively made China and the United States fall into deeper contradictions. Yang GE's important contribution to wartime finance is also reflected in the maintenance of debt and the design of postwar finance, which are discussed in chapter one and chapter four, respectively. Yang GE's idea of wartime debt continued from pre-war to wartime. During the process of stopping payment of foreign debts during the war, Young did his utmost to continue to repay debts as far as possible. Efforts were made to reduce the impact of the policy on relations between China and its creditors after the national government decided to give up payments. On postwar finance, Yang GE stressed that the national government should aim at achieving financial stability, take the attitude of self-help and seek further help from him. In several of his financial proposals, he focused on post-war fiscal consolidation and rehabilitation and the reform of the national Government itself, while he was involved in the preparation of the International Monetary Fund and the application for assistance from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. To lay the foundation for the relief and reconstruction of postwar China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F812.9;K265

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本文編號：1949181