本文選題：甘肅省合水縣 + 農(nóng)業(yè)合作化��； 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)合作化運(yùn)動(dòng)在中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展史上有其重要意義，它是新中國(guó)完成土地改革后經(jīng)歷的一次重要的土地變革，它使中國(guó)幾千年來(lái)農(nóng)村土地私有制和小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為主的狀況得以改變，實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)村中生產(chǎn)資料所有制的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理體制的歷史性變革。然而它的發(fā)生不是偶然而有其歷史必然性，因?yàn)橛神R克思主義指導(dǎo)下建立起的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，在奪取政權(quán)后必然要按照它的指導(dǎo)理論來(lái)改造現(xiàn)有社會(huì)，農(nóng)業(yè)合作化運(yùn)動(dòng)就是理論指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐的具體表現(xiàn)。 甘肅省合水縣農(nóng)業(yè)合作化運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史背景有三個(gè)方面，一是合水縣相對(duì)于其他地方較早接觸革命，在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期成為陜北紅軍募補(bǔ)區(qū)，隸屬陜甘寧邊區(qū)管轄，擁有良好的群眾基礎(chǔ)；二是合水縣依靠革命力量，在新中國(guó)成立后不久就完成土地改革；三是農(nóng)村中出現(xiàn)新的兩級(jí)分化現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然，除了前兩條比較特殊外，，第三條與全國(guó)其他地方是一致的。 合水縣農(nóng)業(yè)合作化運(yùn)動(dòng)在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)歷了互助組、初級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社和高級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社�；ブM從1950年開始到1952底年基本結(jié)束。初級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社從1952年底開始建立到1955年底結(jié)束，初級(jí)社建立后，勞動(dòng)成果以勞動(dòng)和土地按比例分紅為特征，初級(jí)社成為半社會(huì)主義性質(zhì)的勞動(dòng)組織。高級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社建立時(shí)間從1955年底開始至1957年初結(jié)束，高級(jí)社建立后，土地由農(nóng)民私有變?yōu)榧w所有，取消了土地分紅，在分配中實(shí)行了“各盡所能、按勞分配”的原則。在高級(jí)社建立的探討過程中，筆者利用原始檔案資料，重點(diǎn)從新民高級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社第四隊(duì)的包工、包產(chǎn)、包投資等環(huán)節(jié)再現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)人們生產(chǎn)的歷史原貌。 合水縣與全國(guó)一樣經(jīng)歷了對(duì)互助組、初級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社和高級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社的整頓，整頓著重從干部團(tuán)結(jié)、賬目記錄等方面進(jìn)行，通過整頓合水縣農(nóng)業(yè)合作化運(yùn)動(dòng)健康發(fā)展,這一過程表現(xiàn)出的問題和解決問題的辦法可為“三農(nóng)”問題的解決提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:The agricultural cooperative movement is of great significance in the history of agricultural development in China. It is an important land change experienced after the completion of land reform in New China. It has changed the situation of private ownership of rural land and small-scale peasant economy in China for thousands of years, and has realized the historic reform of the management system of the ownership of means of production in rural areas. However, its occurrence is not accidental but has its historical inevitability, because the Communist Party of China, established under the guidance of Marxism, must transform the existing society in accordance with its guiding theory after seizing power. The agricultural cooperative movement is the concrete manifestation of the theory guiding practice. There are three aspects in the historical background of the agricultural cooperative movement in Heshui County, Gansu Province. One is that Heshui County contacted the revolution earlier than other places and became a recruiting and filling area of the Northern Shaanxi Red Army during the War of Resistance against Japan, falling under the jurisdiction of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region. The second is that Heshui County relied on the revolutionary force and completed the land reform soon after the founding of the people's Republic of China; the third is the phenomenon of new two-level differentiation in the countryside. Of course, in addition to the first two more special, the third with the rest of the country is consistent. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the agricultural cooperative movement in Heshui County has experienced mutual-aid groups, primary agricultural production cooperatives and advanced agricultural production cooperatives. The mutual-aid group began in 1950 and ended at the end of 1952 years. The primary agricultural production co-operatives were established from the end of 1952 to the end of 1955. After the establishment of the primary cooperatives, the labor achievements were characterized by the proportional distribution of dividends between labour and land, and the primary co-operatives became semi-socialist labor organizations. The establishment of advanced agricultural production co-operatives began at the end of 1955 and ended at the beginning of 1957. After the establishment of the higher cooperatives, land was changed from private ownership by peasants to collective ownership, land dividends were abolished, and the principle of "distribution according to work" was implemented in the distribution. In the course of the discussion on the establishment of the senior cooperative, the author reappeared the historical appearance of the production of the fourth team of Xinmin Advanced Agricultural production Cooperative from the aspects of contract worker, contract production, investment and so on. Heshui County, like the whole country, has gone through the reorganization of mutual aid groups, primary agricultural production cooperatives and advanced agricultural production cooperatives. The rectification has focused on the unity of cadres, the recording of accounts, and so on. By rectifying the healthy development of the agricultural cooperative movement in Heshui County, the problems and solutions presented in this process can be used for reference to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F329;K27

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