本文選題：國(guó)民黨 + 民眾動(dòng)員��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)民革命期間,國(guó)民黨的民眾政策經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)由動(dòng)員民眾到壓制民眾的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程。對(duì)于國(guó)民黨在民眾動(dòng)員政策之下民眾動(dòng)員工作的考察,可以揭示出國(guó)民黨民眾動(dòng)員政策轉(zhuǎn)變的軌跡,并由此來(lái)探究這一轉(zhuǎn)變形成的深刻根源。 在外部條件變化與內(nèi)部壓力的雙重影響之下,以孫中山為首的國(guó)民黨人認(rèn)識(shí)到民眾中蘊(yùn)含的巨大力量及動(dòng)員民眾參加國(guó)民革命的重要性,在一大時(shí)確立了以扶助農(nóng)工為重心的民眾動(dòng)員政策,對(duì)國(guó)民黨來(lái)說(shuō),制訂動(dòng)員民眾的政策標(biāo)志著國(guó)民黨逐步成為群眾型政黨。 國(guó)民黨制定民眾動(dòng)員政策以后,首先在廣東廣泛開展相關(guān)的動(dòng)員工作,尤其注重在農(nóng)民與工人中的組織動(dòng)員,并取得了很好的動(dòng)員效果。國(guó)民黨在廣東動(dòng)員民眾的過(guò)程中,已出現(xiàn)了大量的階級(jí)利益沖突與斗爭(zhēng),這些階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)問(wèn)題,都是國(guó)民黨極力避免的,只是此時(shí)這一問(wèn)題尚在國(guó)民黨的容忍范圍之內(nèi),因而國(guó)民黨對(duì)民眾動(dòng)員仍持支持態(tài)度。國(guó)民黨在廣東的民眾動(dòng)員,使廣東的國(guó)民革命中心地位得以形成和鞏固,為國(guó)民黨進(jìn)一步開展以北伐為主要內(nèi)容的國(guó)民革命運(yùn)動(dòng)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 同時(shí),國(guó)民黨在北方積極開展民眾動(dòng)員工作。關(guān)稅會(huì)議期間,國(guó)民黨明確主張廢除不平等條約,召開國(guó)民會(huì)議,并以此為號(hào)召,一方面發(fā)表宣言通電派出外交代表團(tuán)進(jìn)行宣傳鼓動(dòng),另一方面進(jìn)行黨團(tuán)運(yùn)作,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)民眾團(tuán)體發(fā)起集會(huì)游行,取得了很好的動(dòng)員效果。國(guó)民黨在北方進(jìn)行的民眾動(dòng)員,是整個(gè)國(guó)民黨動(dòng)員民眾的一部分,也是國(guó)民黨作為一個(gè)革命政黨,將國(guó)民革命進(jìn)程不斷推向前進(jìn)的有力途徑,隨著國(guó)民黨在北方影響力的擴(kuò)大,國(guó)民革命深入人心,南北呼應(yīng)的國(guó)民革命形勢(shì)由此形成。 北伐開始以后,國(guó)民黨調(diào)整其民眾動(dòng)員政策,逐漸呈現(xiàn)出左右兩種趨勢(shì)。廣東作為革命后方與根據(jù)地,國(guó)民黨強(qiáng)調(diào)其政治穩(wěn)定,以保障對(duì)北伐軍事行動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)支持,其民眾動(dòng)員政策向右收縮。與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的是,武漢時(shí)期隨著北伐軍事行動(dòng)的推進(jìn),國(guó)民黨的民眾動(dòng)員政策也漸趨左傾。 國(guó)民革命軍北伐的勝利進(jìn)軍,使國(guó)民黨獲得了深入推進(jìn)其民眾動(dòng)員政策的合法政治環(huán)境,這些地區(qū)的民眾運(yùn)動(dòng),也得到了進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)的深入發(fā)展也暴露出許多問(wèn)題,國(guó)民黨在應(yīng)對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中,也在不斷的調(diào)整其相關(guān)動(dòng)員政策。而民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)與相關(guān)即得利益集團(tuán)的矛盾發(fā)展,最終使國(guó)民黨陷入了兩難的境地。對(duì)打倒土豪劣紳口號(hào)下的湖南農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)以及武漢店員工會(huì)的考察可以發(fā)現(xiàn),武漢時(shí)期民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)深入發(fā)展的同時(shí),民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)與相關(guān)即得利益集團(tuán)的矛盾也逐步激化。一方面民眾的革命性進(jìn)一步提高,另一方面,則是相關(guān)即得利益集團(tuán)的頑強(qiáng)反抗,雙方的矛盾發(fā)展影響著國(guó)民黨民眾動(dòng)員政策調(diào)整的方向。 四·一二與七·一五政變的發(fā)生,是國(guó)民黨民眾政策全面轉(zhuǎn)向的標(biāo)志,國(guó)民黨由動(dòng)員民眾轉(zhuǎn)而壓制民眾運(yùn)動(dòng),甚至不惜鎮(zhèn)壓民眾。國(guó)民黨民眾政策的轉(zhuǎn)變,有著一定的過(guò)程,其中蔣介石個(gè)人對(duì)民眾動(dòng)員的態(tài)度變化頗具代表性。蔣介石由早年的支持民眾動(dòng)員,肯定民眾動(dòng)員在國(guó)民革命中的重要性,轉(zhuǎn)而壓制民眾摧殘民眾團(tuán)體,其原因是多方面的,而其中最關(guān)鍵的則是,蔣介石根本立場(chǎng)發(fā)生了變化。國(guó)民黨由動(dòng)員民眾而壓制民眾,其終極原因仍在于國(guó)民黨根本立場(chǎng)的變化。國(guó)民革命中出現(xiàn)的即得利益集團(tuán),與民眾利益相沖突,國(guó)民黨轉(zhuǎn)而站在即得利益集團(tuán)立場(chǎng)上,對(duì)民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行壓制。 對(duì)國(guó)民革命時(shí)期國(guó)民黨的民眾動(dòng)員政策及其轉(zhuǎn)變進(jìn)行評(píng)析,離不開特定的幾個(gè)方面。包括民眾動(dòng)員與國(guó)民革命、民眾動(dòng)員與三民主義、民眾動(dòng)員中國(guó)民黨的發(fā)展壯大與不足、國(guó)共合作下的民眾動(dòng)員以及社會(huì)歷史視角下的國(guó)民黨民眾動(dòng)員幾個(gè)方面�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),國(guó)民革命時(shí)期,國(guó)民黨確立民眾動(dòng)員政策有其必然性與必要性,也是其能否取得革命勝利的關(guān)鍵性因素。而對(duì)于四·一二與七·一五后國(guó)民黨民眾動(dòng)員政策的全面轉(zhuǎn)變,則應(yīng)從國(guó)民黨根本立場(chǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)變來(lái)探究其根源。國(guó)民黨動(dòng)員民眾、依靠民眾的力量獲得了國(guó)民革命的勝利,并迅速建立了有效的統(tǒng)治,但在其壓制甚至鎮(zhèn)壓民眾的同時(shí)也就決定了它勢(shì)將成為民眾下一步革命的對(duì)象,因此,它在壓制、鎮(zhèn)壓民眾的同時(shí),也就是在培育推翻自身統(tǒng)治的力量。
[Abstract]:During the National Revolution , the Kuomintang ' s popular policy has gone through a process of mobilizing the people to suppress the people ' s transformation . For the investigation of the mobilization work of the Kuomintang under the public mobilization policy , we can reveal the track of the transformation of the Kuomintang ' s mobilization policy and explore the deep roots of this transformation .

Under the double influence of external conditions and internal pressure , the Kuomintang people , led by Sun Yat - sen , realized the great power contained in the masses and the importance of mobilizing the people to participate in the national revolution . At the same time , we established the people ' s mobilization policy with the centre of gravity of the help - aid workers , and for the Kuomintang , the formulation of the policy of mobilizing the people marked the gradual transformation of the Kuomintang into the mass - type political party .

In the process of mobilizing the people in Guangdong , the Kuomintang has made great efforts to avoid the mobilization of the masses in Guangdong , and the Kuomintang has always supported the mobilization of the masses . The Kuomintang has mobilized the masses in Guangdong to form and consolidate the status of the National Revolutionary Center in Guangdong , laying a solid foundation for the Kuomintang to further carry out the national revolutionary movement with the main content of Northern .

At the same time , the Kuomintang actively pursued the mobilization work of the people in the north . During the customs meeting , the Kuomintang clearly advocated the abolition of the unequal treaties , convened the National Conference , and made a good mobilization effect on the one hand . On the other hand , the Kuomintang , as a revolutionary political party , was a part of the Kuomintang ' s mobilization of the people .

At the beginning of Northern China , the Kuomintang ( KMT ) adjusted its people ' s mobilization policy and gradually appeared in the right and left directions . As a revolutionary rear and base area , the Kuomintang stressed its political stability to safeguard the support of the northern logging operations , and its popular mobilization policy was contracted to the right . In contrast , the Kuomintang ' s public mobilization policy has gradually shifted to the left with the advance of the northern logging operation .

On the other hand , the contradictions between the people ' s movement and the interest groups have been gradually intensified . In the meantime , the contradiction between the masses ' movement and the interest groups concerned is gradually intensified . On the other hand , the contradiction between the masses and the relevant interests is the direction of the Kuomintang ' s mobilization policy adjustment .

The changes of the Kuomintang ' s popular policy have been made by the mobilization of the people to suppress the movement of the masses and even the repression of the people . The change of the Kuomintang ' s popular policy has a certain process . In this regard , Chiang Kai - shek ' s attitude towards the mobilization of the masses has changed . The Kuomintang has changed from the support of the masses in the early years . The ultimate reason lies in the change of the fundamental position of the Kuomintang . The Kuomintang , which emerged during the National Revolution , is in conflict with the interests of the masses , and the Kuomintang has turned to a position of interest group to suppress the movement of the masses .

On the whole , during the period of the National Revolution , the Kuomintang established the policy of mass mobilization and mobilization of the Kuomintang . In general , during the period of the National Revolution , the Kuomintang established the policy of the mobilization of the masses and the mobilization of the Kuomintang .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K262

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本文編號(hào)：1918871