本文選題：美國監(jiān)理會 + 本地教會�。� 參考：《山東大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：美國監(jiān)理會自1848年派傳教士來華傳教,至1939年并入衛(wèi)理公會,在長達九十余年的時間里,在中國逐步建立起龐大的教會事業(yè)和具有多重功能的基督教社區(qū),通過與當?shù)厣鐣䦶碗s的互動交往,形成了兼具近代性和地方性的鮮明特點。 早期來華監(jiān)理會教士之間的傳教理念存在著顯著的差異,其中尤以藍柏和林樂知為代表,不過他們之間并沒有因此發(fā)生激烈的沖突,而是各自踐行自己的主張。藍柏的活動為日后監(jiān)理會布道事業(yè)的發(fā)展培養(yǎng)并儲備了一大批神職人員,奠定了蘇州作為傳教大本營地位的基礎；而林樂知從“直接布道”轉(zhuǎn)向“間接布道”,“走上層路線”,為監(jiān)理會在華事業(yè)勾勒出了明確的發(fā)展目標。中華年議會成立后,監(jiān)理會各項事業(yè)走上統(tǒng)一發(fā)展的軌道,林樂知的傳教方略得以逐步實施。 文教方面,《萬國公報》成為晚清最具影響力的中文報刊,也成為了近代啟蒙思想家的啟蒙讀本。東吳大學等一系列學校的開辦表明監(jiān)理會已建立起獨立完善的教育體系。從華美書坊到華美書館進而到協(xié)和書局,監(jiān)理會文字事業(yè)也逐步走向正軌。 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方面,監(jiān)理會先后建成博習醫(yī)院、湖州福音醫(yī)院和常州武進醫(yī)院等現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院,同時開展醫(yī)學教育、衛(wèi)生防疫等工作。專業(yè)化的內(nèi)在訴求使監(jiān)理會醫(yī)療事業(yè)的社會服務功能充分彰顯出來,進而使教會與地方社會形成密切的互動關系。 婦女事業(yè)是在美國監(jiān)理會海外女差會部直接管理下發(fā)展起來的,自1878年首位女傳教士來華至1939年為止,監(jiān)理會的婦女事業(yè)逐步在布道、教育、醫(yī)療和社會服務等領域內(nèi)開展。當?shù)貗D女在女傳教士的影響下,走出家門,走向社會,由家庭婦女變?yōu)槁殬I(yè)婦女。在中西女塾等女子學校中,婦女的性別(gender)意識和時代特質(zhì)開始凸顯出來。 無論從派遣傳教士的人數(shù)還是從差會本部的財政撥款來看,監(jiān)理會都遠遠算不上是一個實力超群的傳教組織,但它卻成就了一番大事業(yè),在近代中國留下了深刻的印記。究其原因,近代中國社會的發(fā)展變化固然是影響監(jiān)理會在華事業(yè)發(fā)展的直接因素,但江南傳統(tǒng)社會和新上海兩大地方性元素實際為監(jiān)理會在華事業(yè)提供了堅實的人力和物力支撐,而“上海財源”對監(jiān)理會各項事業(yè)的開辦和維系尤其具有舉足輕重的作用。
[Abstract]:From the time of sending missionaries to China in 1848 to the incorporation of the Methodist Church into the Methodist Church in 1939, the Superintendence of the United States gradually established in China a huge mission of the church and a multi-functional Christian community over a period of more than 90 years. Through the complicated interaction with the local society, it formed the distinctive characteristics of modern and local. There were significant differences in the missionary ideas among the early chaplains in China, especially Ramper and Lin Lechi, but they did not have a fierce conflict, but they carried out their own ideas. Rambo's activities trained and stored a large number of clerics for the future development of the Board of Governors' sermons, laying the foundation for Suzhou's status as a missionary base; and Lin Lechi switched from "direct sermons" to "indirect sermons". "take the upper line", for the supervision committee in China outlined a clear development objectives. After the establishment of the annual council of China, the board of supervisors embarked on the track of unified development, and Lin Lezhi's missionary strategy was implemented step by step. In the aspect of culture and education, Wanguo Gazette became the most influential Chinese newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty, and it also became the enlightening book of modern enlightenment thinkers. The opening of a series of schools such as Soochow University indicates that the supervisory committee has established an independent and perfect educational system. From the Huamei Book Workshop to the Huamei Library and then to the Union Book House, the supervisory committee's writing business is also gradually on track. Medical and health, supervision committee has built Bo Xi Hospital, Huzhou Evangelical Hospital and Changzhou Wujin Hospital and other modern hospitals, medical education, health and epidemic prevention and other work. The inherent demand of specialization makes the social service function of medical service of supervision committee fully manifest, and then makes the church and the local society form a close interaction relationship. The cause of women was developed under the direct management of the Department of overseas Women's missions of the American Supervision Council. From 1878 to 1939, the women's cause of the Board of Supervisors gradually developed in the fields of preaching, education, medical treatment and social service. Under the influence of female missionaries, local women went out of their homes and went to society from housewives to professional women. In girls' schools, such as Chinese and western schools, women's gender awareness and characteristics of the times begin to emerge. In terms of the number of missionaries sent or the financial allocation of the missionary headquarters, the Supervisory Council is far from being a powerful missionary organization, but it has made a great undertaking and left a deep impression in modern China. The reason is that the development and changes of modern Chinese society are certainly the direct factors affecting the development of the supervisory committee in China. However, the traditional society of Jiangnan and the two local elements of the new Shanghai actually provide a solid manpower and material support for the supervisory committee in China, and the "Shanghai financial source" plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the various undertakings of the supervisory committee.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25
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本文編號：1918784