發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 14:00

  本文選題：民國 + 昆明��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：昆明市作為西南邊疆的區(qū)域中心城市之一,較早便有外籍人員經(jīng)商游歷與居住的現(xiàn)象。早在西漢時(shí)期,云南地區(qū)便是西南絲綢之路的必經(jīng)之地。悠久的邊疆經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流與朝貢體制相適應(yīng),帶來了西南邊疆長(zhǎng)久的安定局面。在明末清初時(shí)期,西方外籍人員隨著航海技術(shù)的進(jìn)步與殖民活動(dòng)的高漲來到中國沿海地區(qū)。但中國仍處于強(qiáng)勢(shì)的封建文明則采取閉關(guān)鎖國的消極政策限制中西方各種交流。步入近代時(shí)期,清政府的落后與無能在一次又一次與列強(qiáng)的軍事及外交爭(zhēng)斗中暴露出來。在中國不斷沉淪于半殖民地半封建社會(huì)的背景下,大部分西方外籍人員在中國享受著不平等條約所帶來的特權(quán)保護(hù)。晚清政府也越來越難按以往消極隔絕的思路來應(yīng)對(duì)西方外籍人員深入內(nèi)地的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況。以中華為核心的朝貢體制也在不斷分崩離析,原有的朝貢國家逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向只承認(rèn)西方式的外交關(guān)系,例如暹羅。在這種形勢(shì)下,晚清政府依然處于消極被動(dòng)的狀態(tài),即使清末新政期問也拒絕批準(zhǔn)成立專門的外事科建議。此時(shí)期的云南,在英法兩國的殖民勢(shì)力侵入下,來滇外籍人員數(shù)量不斷增加。尤其是隨著滇越鐵路與昆明市自開商埠,昆明市的外籍人員及其團(tuán)體上升速度加快。但由于晚清時(shí)期中央政府對(duì)外籍人員管理的消極態(tài)度,云南地方政府也只能如其他地區(qū)一樣,以條約為法律依據(jù),以地方官員的對(duì)外策略為管理方案。例如昆明教案的發(fā)生與解決過程便是一個(gè)很好的例子。 進(jìn)入民國時(shí)期,政權(quán)性質(zhì)的改變帶來了昆明市外籍人員管理上的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。民國政府積極爭(zhēng)取和平談判改變不等條約體系的束縛,探索地進(jìn)行外籍人員管理制度建設(shè),為昆明市外籍人員管理建設(shè)提供了較好的外部條件。隨著來滇外籍人員數(shù)量的進(jìn)一步增加和昆明警政建設(shè)的深入,昆明市外籍人員管理逐漸由政府和警察局兼管的狀況過渡到創(chuàng)建專門外籍人員管理機(jī)構(gòu)。二十世紀(jì)三十年代成為昆明市專門外籍人員管理機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)軔創(chuàng)立時(shí)期�？箲�(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,隨著國民政府西遷,作為西南邊疆中心城市之一的昆明市,其地緣優(yōu)勢(shì)迅猛提升。昆明市亦由一個(gè)普通國內(nèi)城市變成了倍受國際關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)城市。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)下,防范間諜、合理有效地對(duì)待各國來滇外籍人員等管理問題異常凸顯。為此,國民政府頒布大量管理法律政令,對(duì)外籍人員按照不同種類進(jìn)行區(qū)別化的管理,以求最大效度地保證“抗戰(zhàn)建國”目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)。昆明市警察局外事科在這一過程中起著十分重要的作用�？箲�(zhàn)結(jié)束后,昆明市因遠(yuǎn)離內(nèi)戰(zhàn),仍處于較為安穩(wěn)的社會(huì)秩序下。隨著法西斯勢(shì)力的消滅,昆明市外籍人員管理也逐步走向了和平建設(shè)。這一點(diǎn)在對(duì)敵國籍人員與外賓的管理上有著較好的體現(xiàn)。值得注意的是,在二十世紀(jì)三、四十年代中,昆明市外籍人員管理的建設(shè)與發(fā)展是在中央權(quán)威不斷深入的背景下進(jìn)行的。而且民國時(shí)期昆明市外籍人員管理與以往相比,有著一些明顯不同的特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:As one of the central cities in the southwestern frontier, Kunming has a phenomenon that foreign personnel travel and live in business earlier. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the Yunnan area was a necessary place for the Southwest Silk Road. The long border economic and cultural exchange was adapted to the tribute system, which brought about a long-term stability in the southwest border area. During the period, the Western expatriates came to the coastal areas of China with the progress of navigation technology and the rising of colonial activities. However, China was still in a strong feudal civilization by adopting the passive policy of closing the country and restricting various exchanges between China and the West. In modern times, the backward and incompetent of the Qing government was in the military and diplomatic contention with the powers. In the background of China's continuous sinking in the semi colonial and semi feudal society, most Western foreign expatriates enjoy the privilege protection brought by the unequal treaties in China. The late Qing government is also increasingly difficult to deal with the reality of the Western expatriates in the mainland according to the past negative isolation ideas. China is the core. The tribute system is also falling apart, the original tribute countries are gradually turning to western style diplomatic relations, such as Siam. In this situation, the late Qing government is still in a passive and passive state, even if the new policy period in the late Qing Dynasty also refused to approve the establishment of a special foreign affairs section. In this period, the colonization of the two countries in Britain and France. Under the invasion of the forces, the number of expatriates in Yunnan is increasing. Especially with the Kunming railway and Kunming City, the foreign personnel and their groups in Kunming have risen faster. But because of the negative attitude of the central government to the management of foreign personnel in the late Qing Dynasty, the local government of Yunnan can only take the treaty as the law, as in other areas. It is a good example to take local officials' external strategy as the management plan, for example, the occurrence and settlement of Kunming teaching plan.
During the period of the Republic of China, the change of the nature of the regime brought about the transfer of the management of the foreign personnel in Kunming. The government of the Republic of China actively strives for peace negotiations to change the constraints of the unequal treaty system, explore the construction of the foreign personnel management system and provide better external conditions for the management and construction of foreign personnel in Kunming. With the number of foreign personnel coming to Yunnan With the further increase of the quantity and the deepening of Kunming police construction, the management of foreign personnel in Kunming was gradually transferred from the state of the government and the police bureau to the establishment of a special foreign personnel management organization. In 1930s, it became the founding period of the special foreign personnel management organization in Kunming. After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the national government moved west, As one of the central cities of the Southwest Frontier City, Kunming city has improved its geopolitical advantage rapidly. Kunming has also become a focus of international attention from an ordinary domestic city. In the war situation, the prevention of espionage and the rational and effective treatment of foreign personnel in Yunnan, such as foreign personnel, have been highlighted. Therefore, the national government has issued a large number of management. In order to ensure the realization of the target of "Anti Japanese War and the founding of the nation" to the maximum validity, the Foreign Affairs Department of the Kunming Municipal Police Bureau plays a very important role in this process. After the war of resistance against the war, Kunming is still in a relatively stable social order. The expatriate management in Kunming has gradually moved towards the peaceful construction. This is a good embodiment of the management of the enemy and the foreign guests. It is worth noting that in the three and 40s twentieth Century, the construction and development of the management of foreign personnel in Kunming was carried out under the background of the central authority. And the management of expatriates in Kunming during the period of the Republic of China has some obvious differences compared with the past.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D693;K258

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本文編號(hào)：1897080