發(fā)布時間：2018-05-06 18:28

  本文選題：反美扶日運(yùn)動 + 國民政府��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：1948年春夏之交,以日本賠償問題為發(fā)端的,被稱為“反美扶日”運(yùn)動(反對美國扶持日本運(yùn)動)的學(xué)生運(yùn)動,在國民政府統(tǒng)治區(qū)的各大城市爆發(fā)。正如運(yùn)動名稱所示,運(yùn)動主要是對戰(zhàn)后對日處理問題中的日本賠償問題減額等政策變化進(jìn)行了抗議,并對提出此變化的美國進(jìn)行了批判。但是,當(dāng)時國共內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中與國民政府相對抗的中國共產(chǎn)黨則在運(yùn)動中發(fā)揮了組織作用,對負(fù)責(zé)日本賠償問題外交交涉的國民政府進(jìn)行了批判。而美國方面則為了緩和學(xué)生情緒,由美國駐華大使司徒雷登出面,對支持運(yùn)動的學(xué)生發(fā)表了聲明。然而由于美國對日求償政策采取了緩和的路線,加之司徒雷登否認(rèn)日本軍事再崛起,并對運(yùn)動進(jìn)行了批判,更進(jìn)一步刺激了運(yùn)動的升級。運(yùn)動支持者批判美國違反波茨坦公報(bào),同時也指責(zé)國民政府對美國亦步亦趨,反對“奴才外交”。在大學(xué)校園,各大城市市中心,展開了各種集會、游行,并且召開了各種海報(bào)和漫畫展。美國對日的求償政策,在戰(zhàn)后初期本與國民政府保持一致的嚴(yán)格姿態(tài)。然而由于美國國內(nèi)的政治變化和戰(zhàn)后冷戰(zhàn)格局的逐步形成,在多重因素影響下,美國對日的求償政策逐漸緩和�！胺疵婪鋈铡边\(yùn)動中被批判為違反波茨坦公報(bào)的美國,實(shí)際上因?yàn)楦鲊鴮Σù奶构珗?bào)的解釋不盡相同,很難斷言美國是否有違反波茨坦公報(bào)的行為。然而很明顯美國的政策轉(zhuǎn)換對中國而言則帶來了巨大的損失。另一方面,國民政府的對日求償政策則一貫保持了戰(zhàn)后初期的態(tài)度,“反美扶日”運(yùn)動中所稱的“奴才外交”實(shí)際上是子虛烏有。國民政府在二戰(zhàn)解釋前后就早早地積極介入日本賠償問題的構(gòu)想中,而為了實(shí)現(xiàn)構(gòu)想,國民政府內(nèi)部也提出了多種方案,并且與盟國各國保持緊密合作。此外,國民政府在國防、設(shè)備賠償?shù)葐栴}相關(guān)的船舶賠償問題上竭盡全力,甚至造成了與美國的外交對抗態(tài)勢。遠(yuǎn)東委員會在賠償?shù)姆峙溆懻撨^程中恰逢美國政策的轉(zhuǎn)換期,而國民政府下屬保持對美的持續(xù)批判也間接喚起了國內(nèi)輿論對美國的壓力,而國民政府也致力于盡快在賠償問題上有所結(jié)果并且確保本國利益。在日本賠償問題上美國作為單獨(dú)占領(lǐng)日本的一方有巨大的影響力,因而事態(tài)并非如國民政府預(yù)想的那樣發(fā)展。但是國民政府的對日求償政策并非是所謂的追隨美國的“奴才外交”,而是盡力使得賠償最大化,以保護(hù)本國之利益。
[Abstract]:At the turn of spring and summer of 1948, the student movement, which started with the question of Japanese compensation and was called "anti-American support Japan" movement, broke out in the major cities in the areas ruled by the national government. As the name of the movement shows, the movement mainly protested against the policy changes such as the reduction of compensation in Japan after the war, and criticized the United States which proposed this change. However, the Communist Party of China, which confronted the Kuomintang government in the KMT civil war at that time, played an organizing role in the movement, criticizing the Kuomintang government responsible for the diplomatic negotiations on the issue of compensation in Japan. The United States, for its part, made a statement to students supporting the campaign in an effort to ease students' feelings. However, because the United States adopted a detente line against Japan's claim policy, and Leighton Stuart denied Japan's military re-emergence, and criticized the movement, it further stimulated the escalation of the movement. Supporters of the movement criticized the United States for violating the Potsdam communiqu 茅 and accused the National Government of following the United States and opposing slave diplomacy. On university campuses, city centers, rallies, parades, posters and galleries. In the early postwar period, American claim policy was consistent with the national government. However, due to the political changes in the United States and the gradual formation of the post-war cold war pattern, under the influence of many factors, the American claim policy towards Japan gradually eased. The United States, which has been criticized as violating the Potsdam communique in the "anti-American-Japanese" movement, is in fact difficult to assert whether the United States has violated the Potsdam communique because of the different interpretations of the Potsdam communiqu 茅. But it is clear that the policy shift in the United States has brought huge losses to China. On the other hand, the national government's policy of claiming compensation against Japan has always maintained its attitude in the early postwar period, and the "slave diplomacy" called "slave diplomacy" in the "anti-American support Japan" movement is in fact null and void. Before and after World War II, the National Government actively intervened in the idea of Japanese compensation problem, and in order to realize the idea, it also put forward a variety of plans, and maintained close cooperation with the allied countries. In addition, the national government made every effort on ship compensation related to national defense and equipment compensation, and even caused diplomatic confrontation with the United States. The far East Commission's discussion on the distribution of compensation coincided with the transition period of US policy, and the sustained criticism of the United States by members of the National Government indirectly aroused the pressure of domestic public opinion on the United States. And the national government is committed to finding results on the issue of compensation as soon as possible and ensuring its own interests. The United States has great influence on the issue of Japanese compensation as a separate occupation of Japan, so the situation did not develop as expected by the national government. However, the national government's claim policy against Japan is not the so-called "slave diplomacy" to follow the United States, but to maximize compensation in order to protect the interests of the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K266

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