本文選題：西潼鐵路 + 現(xiàn)代化�。� 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：西潼鐵路是近代陜西省籌建的第一條鐵路。諸多因素驅(qū)使各方考慮籌修西潼鐵路的“動(dòng)力選擇”,主要包括:清廷準(zhǔn)許各省自辦鐵路和粵漢鐵路的收回引起的各省自建鐵路的熱潮;防止外國人對(duì)陜西路權(quán)的窺伺;陜西連接?xùn)|西在鞏固西北邊防上的重要性;鐵路對(duì)開通商務(wù)、變通風(fēng)氣等社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的促進(jìn)作用,這些是驅(qū)使各方考慮籌修西潼鐵路的“動(dòng)力選擇”。然而,西潼鐵路從開始的“動(dòng)力選擇”上,即深深地打上了國運(yùn)衰微的烙印,自保路權(quán)和鞏固邊防成為最首要的因素,而鐵路最基本的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)功效,則成為次要的籌筑動(dòng)力。西潼鐵路的從1905年至1911年,經(jīng)歷了“官商合辦”、商辦、收歸國有三個(gè)階段,蹉跎復(fù)蹉跎,始終處于階段,而未有尺寸進(jìn)展�；I修西潼鐵路本是現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)中的一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,但在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)環(huán)境中卻被賦予了更多的政治意義,鮮明地體現(xiàn)出了社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型。整個(gè)過程中,參與其中的包括政府、民間、外國三股勢力。政府力量對(duì)鐵路的修建從理想化到重現(xiàn)實(shí)、規(guī)劃明晰,反應(yīng)出其理性化的一面,但其內(nèi)部已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重分裂,官僚集團(tuán)在具體施政方針上難以達(dá)成共識(shí),政府的權(quán)威喪失,失去社會(huì)控制能力,無力整合支持修造鐵路而又相互對(duì)立的各方。民間力量方面,農(nóng)民是被裹挾者,是社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型成本的負(fù)擔(dān)者,因此加重了對(duì)現(xiàn)代化的誤解和對(duì)清廷的仇視。士紳是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,學(xué)生是先鋒軍,他們從傳統(tǒng)體制內(nèi)脫離出來,“改變了政治力量對(duì)比”,處于政府的對(duì)立面,用現(xiàn)代思維評(píng)判政府,用現(xiàn)代傳播媒介爭取路權(quán),把保路自辦作為現(xiàn)實(shí)地方自治和民族獨(dú)立的具體途徑,卻顯得執(zhí)拗而過于情緒化。鐵路的中,一直存在著自上而下和自下而上兩條路徑,這種路徑的博弈反應(yīng)出現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的不同操作取向,即權(quán)利與資源由誰來掌握的問題。而外國力量的介入,總是被外界視為其與政府力量的勾結(jié),引起民間力量的警覺,成為政府力量與民間力量進(jìn)一步對(duì)立的催化劑,政府的“媚外”形象已經(jīng)在民眾心中定格。圍繞西潼鐵路的可以看到,現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)中摻雜著錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的糾葛,映射出社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的實(shí)態(tài),社會(huì)控制機(jī)制的失效,各方的蛻變和離心傾向,現(xiàn)代因素的增長,使得清廷統(tǒng)治潛存著權(quán)利與利益之間結(jié)構(gòu)性裂變的深刻危機(jī),脆弱而孤立的清廷無力應(yīng)對(duì)這些困境與轉(zhuǎn)變,只能是奄奄待斃了。
[Abstract]:Xitong Railway is the first railway to be built in modern Shaanxi Province. Many factors have driven all parties to consider the "power choice" for the construction of Xitong railway, including: the upsurge of self-built railway caused by the Qing government's permission to run the railway by itself and the return of the Yueh-Han railway, the prevention of foreigners from peeping into the right of Shaanxi Road; The importance of linking east and west in Shaanxi to consolidate the northwest frontier defense, and the promotion of railway to the social economy, such as opening commerce and changing atmosphere, are the "power choices" that drive all parties to consider the construction of Xitong railway. However, from the beginning of the "power choice" of the Xitong Railway, it was deeply marked by the decline of national luck, and the self-protection of road rights and the consolidation of frontier defense became the most important factors, while the most basic social and economic efficacy of the railway became the secondary motive force for building. From 1905 to 1911, Xitong Railway went through three stages of "joint operation of government and commerce", business management and nationalization. It was an economic problem in the modernization of the Xitong Railway, but it was endowed with more political significance in the social environment at that time, which clearly reflected the social transformation. Throughout the process, the participation of the government, civil society, foreign forces. From idealization to reality to the construction of railway, the government forces have clearly planned and reflected its rational side. However, its internal structure has been seriously divided, and it is difficult for bureaucrats to reach a consensus on specific administrative objectives, and the authority of the government is lost. The loss of social control, the inability to integrate support for the construction of railways and opposing parties. In the aspect of folk forces, peasants are the victims and the burden of the cost of social transformation, thus aggravating the misunderstanding of modernization and hatred of the Qing government. The gentry are the leaders and the students are the vanguard. They break away from the traditional system, "change the balance of political power", stand on the opposite side of the government, judge the government with modern thinking, and fight for the right of way with the modern media. It is obstinate and too emotional to take the road protection as the concrete way of local autonomy and national independence. In railway, there are always two paths: top-down and bottom-up. The game of this path reflects the different operational orientations of modern development, that is, who controls the rights and resources. The intervention of foreign forces is always regarded by the outside world as collusion with government forces, arousing the vigilance of folk forces, and becoming a catalyst for further antagonism between government forces and folk forces, and the image of the government as "obsequious to foreign affairs" has been fixed in the minds of the public. It can be seen around the Xitong Railway that there are intricate entanglements in the cause of modernization, reflecting the reality of social transformation, the failure of social control mechanisms, the disintegration and centrifugal tendency of all parties, and the growth of modern factors. The deep crisis of structural fission between rights and interests existed in the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and the weak and isolated Qing Dynasty was unable to cope with these difficulties and changes, and could only be moribund.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K252

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