民初農(nóng)商部研究(1912-1916)
本文選題:民初 + 農(nóng)林部; 參考:《陜西師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文
【摘要】:近代以來,隨著中外交往的頻繁,傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)商行政管理體制開始出現(xiàn)新的趨向。為了應(yīng)付傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟管理體制的不足,清政府增設(shè)了一些臨時管理對外商務(wù)往來的行政機構(gòu),而商部的創(chuàng)設(shè),則標(biāo)志著中國第一個近代意義上專門管理全國實業(yè)的中央機構(gòu)誕生。后來由于職權(quán)過于寬泛、經(jīng)費不足而改為農(nóng)工商部。辛亥革命后,革命黨人建立南京臨時政府,為了促進全國實業(yè)的發(fā)展,設(shè)立了實業(yè)部,各省成立實業(yè)司。袁世凱當(dāng)選南北統(tǒng)一的臨時大總統(tǒng)后,臨時政府遷至北京,袁世凱及其北京政府十分重視實業(yè)的發(fā)展,在清農(nóng)工商部和南京實業(yè)部整合的基礎(chǔ)上成立了農(nóng)商部,起初分立為農(nóng)林、工商二部。相較而言,清末商部、農(nóng)工商部與之已不可同日而語。簡言之,民初農(nóng)商部建立在中華民國民主共和政治體制之下,而清末商部、農(nóng)工商部卻仍為封建君主專制政體服務(wù);其次,民初農(nóng)商部的創(chuàng)新精神也是清末商部、農(nóng)工商部所無法比擬的。民初農(nóng)商部的組建經(jīng)歷一個不尋常的過程,它是辛亥革命以來各方政治勢力博弈的繼續(xù)。其間雖然沒有驚心動魄的公開大論爭,可背后卻隱藏著許多不為人知的故事。農(nóng)商部成立后,自然就要發(fā)揮其組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理農(nóng)工商礦各業(yè)發(fā)展的行政職能,這種職能是如何行使的呢?農(nóng)商部發(fā)揮正常的農(nóng)工商礦各業(yè)行政管理職能,既需要組織其所有職員的參與和協(xié)作,又需要一個合理的組織機構(gòu)作為其運作的載體,還需要一定的經(jīng)費作為其經(jīng)濟保障。只有三者同時具備,農(nóng)商部才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)職權(quán)運作。農(nóng)商部的職權(quán)運作是一項系統(tǒng)而復(fù)雜的工程,牽涉的問題很廣,不僅需要農(nóng)商部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有高瞻遠矚的眼光,現(xiàn)代化的施政理念,也需要中央、省、縣職能部門的配合,更需要從事實業(yè)者之身體力行。其中,農(nóng)商部內(nèi)部的組織機構(gòu)及其主要人事構(gòu)成,則是農(nóng)商部的靈魂和核心,組織結(jié)構(gòu)是從宏觀上而言,人事構(gòu)成卻是微觀范疇,如果說組織機構(gòu)是一架高速運轉(zhuǎn)的機器的話,那么人事就是這臺機器的具體操作者,就是中樞指揮系統(tǒng)。農(nóng)商部內(nèi)部組織機構(gòu)的設(shè)置,較強地適應(yīng)了民初社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要,其采用分科層治事的方式,分工明確,責(zé)有專人,是對傳統(tǒng)模糊治事方式的揚棄,是政治制度現(xiàn)代化的重要體現(xiàn)。在人事構(gòu)成方面,其擁有一支學(xué)歷高、專業(yè)性強、年輕有為的官僚隊伍,盡管民初農(nóng)商部總次長更迭較為頻繁,但參事和司長群體們卻相對比較穩(wěn)定。參事的穩(wěn)定有利于農(nóng)商部方針政策、法律制度的穩(wěn)定,司長的穩(wěn)定有利于農(nóng)商部處理日常事務(wù)的連續(xù)性。而運作過程既是農(nóng)商部職權(quán)的具體體現(xiàn),也是評價農(nóng)商部在民初經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中所起作用的重要砝碼。它主要有三種運作方式:行政方式,法律方式,協(xié)作方式。為了促進民初實業(yè)的發(fā)展,農(nóng)商部不僅制定了適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的農(nóng)工商礦各業(yè)經(jīng)濟政策,而且極力施行,取得了重大成績,一時竟出現(xiàn)了被人們美譽的“資本主義的黃金時期”,極大的促進了中國早期現(xiàn)代化的進程。盡管其某些政策的制定和執(zhí)行還未能盡如人意,但我們不能以偏概全,從而抹殺其在民初經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中所起的積極作用?上У氖,這種經(jīng)濟快速運轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)勢卻因袁世凱的帝制自為而逐漸衰竭。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the frequent foreign exchanges, the traditional business administration system began to appear new trend. In order to cope with the shortage of traditional economic management system, the Qing government added the administrative institutions of foreign business temporary management, and the establishment of the Ministry of Commerce, marks the first Chinese modern central organization to manage the national industry the birth. Later because the powers are too broad, lack of funds to the Ministry of agriculture. After the revolution, the establishment of the provisional government of Nanjing revolutionary party, in order to promote national industrial development, the establishment of the Ministry of industry, the provinces to set up the industrial division. The interim president Yuan Shikai was elected after the reunification, the temporary government moved to Beijing, Yuan Shikai and Beijing the government attaches great importance to industrial development, on the basis of the Qing and Nanjing Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of industry integration established by the Ministry of agriculture and commerce, first division for agricultural industrial and commercial forest, two. In contrast, the business department, the Ministry of agriculture and already cannot be mention in the same breath. In other words, the Ministry of agriculture and Commerce set up under the Republic of China democratic political system, and the business department, the Ministry of agriculture is still serving for the feudal monarchy; secondly, a new spirit of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce is the business department of agriculture. The Department is unable to compare. The Ministry of agriculture and Commerce set up through an unusual process, it is all political forces the game to the 1911 Revolution. Although there are no thrilling public debate, which is hidden behind many unknown stories. After the establishment of the Ministry of agriculture, it will play the executive functions of organization and leadership the management and development of farming industry and mining, this function is exercised? The Ministry of agriculture and commerce develops normal farming industry and mining administrative functions, not only need to organize all the staff participation and Cooperation, also need a reasonable organization as its carrier, also need some funds as their economic security. Only three had at the same time, the Ministry of agriculture and commerce to realize its operation. The operation of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce authority is a systematic and complex project, involving the problem is very wide, not only to agriculture department leaders have vision of modern look far ahead from a high plane, his idea also needs the central, province, with the county departments, need more engaged in the industrial practice. Among them, the Ministry of agriculture and commerce within the organization and its key personnel composition is the core and soul of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce, the organization structure is from a macro point of view, the personnel structure it is the micro scope, if the organization is a high speed operation of the machine, then the personnel is the concrete operation of the machine is the central command system. The internal organization of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce. The better adapted to the needs of the social and economic development, the Department to do the way, a clear division of responsibility with someone, is to discard the traditional fuzzy treatment way, is an important manifestation of the modern political system. In the composition of the personnel, it has a high academic qualification, professional and strong. Young bureaucracy, although the total Vice Minister of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce more frequent changes, but the counselor and the director groups have been relatively stable. The stability of counselor is conducive to the Ministry of agriculture and commerce policy, legal system, stability, stability is conducive to the continuity of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce to handle daily affairs. And the operation process is the embodiment of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce the authority, but also evaluate the role of the Ministry of agriculture an important weight on the economic development. It mainly has three modes of operation: administrative, legal, and collaboration. In order to promote the development of the agricultural industry. The Ministry of Commerce has formulated the farming industry and mining adapt to the development of productive forces and strongly implementing economic policies, has made significant achievements, it appeared to be hailed as the "golden age of capitalism", greatly promoted the early modernization of the Chinese. Although the formulation and implementation of some policies is not satisfactory, but we cannot Overgeneralization, thus denied the positive role in the early Republic of China Economic and social development. It is a pity that the rapid economic operation situation but because of Yuan Shikai's self proclaimed monarchy and gradually failure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2011
【分類號】:K258
【相似文獻】
相關(guān)會議論文 前9條
1 ;附錄1 大清礦務(wù)章程[A];中國實用礦山地質(zhì)學(xué)(下冊)[C];2010年
2 于m8;;前農(nóng)商部地質(zhì)研究所是一個培養(yǎng)地質(zhì)專門人才的教學(xué)機構(gòu)[A];地質(zhì)學(xué)史論叢(4)[C];2002年
3 史全生;;清末新政是一柄雙刃劍[A];近代中國(第十九輯)[C];2009年
4 于m8;何國琦;;丁文江先生與北京大學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)系[A];“中國區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查歷史的回顧暨紀(jì)念丁文江先生誕辰120周年學(xué)術(shù)研討會”論文匯編[C];2007年
5 張立生;;謝家榮、劉季辰和趙亞曾與20世紀(jì)20年代的湖北區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查[A];地質(zhì)學(xué)史論叢(5)[C];2009年
6 張立生;;謝家榮、劉季辰和趙亞曾與20世紀(jì)20年代湖北區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查[A];“中國區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查歷史的回顧暨紀(jì)念丁文江先生誕辰120周年學(xué)術(shù)研討會”論文匯編[C];2007年
7 胡偉偉;;地質(zhì)學(xué)家謝家榮[A];中國地質(zhì)學(xué)會地質(zhì)學(xué)史專業(yè)委員會第21屆學(xué)術(shù)年會論文匯編[C];2009年
8 蘇利德;;對包頭市發(fā)現(xiàn)的清代民間鈔版之歸屬考[A];《內(nèi)蒙古金融研究》錢幣文集(第八輯)[C];2006年
9 虞和平;;清末民初商會的商事仲裁制度建設(shè)[A];中國商會發(fā)展報告 No.1(2004)[C];2005年
相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條
1 穆祥桐;中國近代史上最早的中央農(nóng)業(yè)試驗機構(gòu)[N];農(nóng)民日報;2011年
2 李國榮;檔案實錄:清代中國參加世博會寫真[N];中國檔案報;2010年
3 本報記者 彭俐;北京動物園背后的故事[N];北京日報;2011年
4 上海社會科學(xué)院文學(xué)所副研究員 陳占彪;謀求久遠之“學(xué)”[N];解放日報;2010年
5 中山大學(xué)在讀歷史學(xué)博士 謝小強;城市冷漠:政府冷漠的必然[N];東莞日報;2011年
6 整理 本報通訊員 鼓軒 本報記者 王健;百年前,,鼓樓牽手“世博”[N];南京日報;2010年
7 劉武 同號文;中瑞專家新發(fā)現(xiàn)一枚周口店直立人牙齒化石[N];中國文物報;2011年
8 上海社會科學(xué)院副院長、研究員 熊月之;清末新政與危機的糾結(jié)[N];文匯報;2011年
9 張景岳;辛亥革命對上海民營經(jīng)濟的推動作用[N];聯(lián)合時報;2011年
10 記者 王若冰;臨洮:中國三大古文化命名地[N];天水日報;2011年
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 丁健;民初農(nóng)商部研究(1912-1916)[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2011年
2 王奎;清末商部農(nóng)工商部與社會經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2007年
3 任耀飛;中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的近代轉(zhuǎn)型研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2011年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條
1 韋斌;清末商部(農(nóng)工商部)研究[D];新疆大學(xué);2006年
2 鄭金彪;清末安徽農(nóng)業(yè)改革(1895-1911)[D];安徽大學(xué);2011年
3 孫寧文;法學(xué)視野下清末憲政改革的歷史考察[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年
4 程傳華;1923年《商標(biāo)法》研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年
5 丁麗;清末經(jīng)濟新政與國內(nèi)商品賽會研究[D];河北師范大學(xué);2010年
6 趙潁;1914年商會法之爭研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年
7 王叢叢;清末新政與近代中國市民社會初步考察[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年
8 溫延靜;吉林勸業(yè)道農(nóng)業(yè)活動述略(1907-1912年)[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年
9 吳鵬;清末新政時期長沙城市文化發(fā)展與變遷研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2011年
10 陳英;近代四川蠶桑絲業(yè)的發(fā)展(1891-1930)[D];四川師范大學(xué);2011年
本文編號:1768253
本文鏈接:http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zgjxds/1768253.html