本文選題：清末新政　切入點(diǎn)：進(jìn)士　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末新政的實(shí)施，直接推動(dòng)了留學(xué)熱潮的興起和海外教育的發(fā)展。大量傳統(tǒng)士紳也卷入了出國(guó)留學(xué)的熱潮，其中包括一大批在國(guó)內(nèi)已取得傳統(tǒng)功名的進(jìn)士。這是一種前所未有的現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)科舉考試獲得各級(jí)傳統(tǒng)功名者，可以說(shuō)是傳統(tǒng)儒家文化的代表，尤其是科舉功名的最高等級(jí)進(jìn)士的獲得者，堪稱中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中的知識(shí)精英，也是清朝社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治階層。為什么清末會(huì)有如此多的進(jìn)士乃至翰林留學(xué)海外？他們留洋的目的是什么？學(xué)習(xí)狀況如何？歸國(guó)后對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)社會(huì)的政治、文化、教育等方面又起到了怎樣的作用？本文擬針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題對(duì)進(jìn)士階層留洋現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究和討論。 本文主要分四個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述： 第一部分：進(jìn)士留洋的時(shí)代背景。進(jìn)士留洋現(xiàn)象是清末實(shí)施新政、廢科舉、興學(xué)堂、籌備立憲等大變革背景下的產(chǎn)物。清政府頒布了一系列鼓勵(lì)留學(xué)的政策。同時(shí)，日本及歐美各國(guó)為加強(qiáng)對(duì)中國(guó)文化的控制，都積極推行吸納中國(guó)留學(xué)生的政策。清末進(jìn)士留洋這一特殊留學(xué)現(xiàn)象正是在這個(gè)特定的歷史背景下產(chǎn)生的。 第二部分：進(jìn)士留洋概況。主要包括四個(gè)方面：首先，對(duì)進(jìn)士留學(xué)的派遣方式進(jìn)行了敘述，，包括進(jìn)士館集體派遣、翰林院與各部院派遣、各省地方官員派遣和自費(fèi)留洋四種方式；其次，介紹了進(jìn)士留學(xué)國(guó)別的選擇以及所學(xué)專業(yè)；再次，介紹了進(jìn)士留洋期間參加的社會(huì)活動(dòng)和思想的變化；最后介紹了進(jìn)士歸國(guó)后的去向。 第三部分：進(jìn)士留洋的特點(diǎn)。進(jìn)士留洋與其他留學(xué)群體相比，主要存在以下幾方面特點(diǎn)：（一）留洋方式以清政府集體派遣為主；（二）留洋目的與其他留學(xué)群體不同；（三）留學(xué)國(guó)家主要以日本為主；（四）學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)以法政科為主。 第四部分：進(jìn)士留洋對(duì)清末民初中國(guó)社會(huì)的影響。這部分也是本文的重點(diǎn)。這些進(jìn)士回國(guó)后在促進(jìn)政治改革和文化教育等方面大顯身手，對(duì)清末民初的政治改革、教育、文化等方面產(chǎn)生了重要影響。主要從留洋進(jìn)士對(duì)清末政治改革的影響、對(duì)近代教育的影響和對(duì)文化傳播的影響三方面進(jìn)行論述。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty directly promoted the upsurge of studying abroad and the development of overseas education.A large number of traditional gentry were also involved in the craze of studying abroad, including a large number of scholars who had gained traditional fame in China.This is an unprecedented phenomenon.It can be said that the representative of the traditional Confucian culture, especially the winner of the highest level of the imperial examination, is the intellectual elite in the traditional Chinese society and the ruling class in the Qing Dynasty.Why did so many scholars and even Hanlin study overseas in the late Qing Dynasty?What is the purpose of their stay abroad?How's your study?How does it play a role in politics, culture, education and so on after returning to China?This article aims at these problems to study and discuss the phenomenon of Scholars'class staying abroad.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part: the background of the time of the scholars studying abroad.The phenomenon of scholars studying abroad was the result of the great changes in the late Qing Dynasty, such as the implementation of the New deal, the abolition of imperial examinations, the revival of schools and the preparation of constitutionalism.The Qing government promulgated a series of policies to encourage students to study abroad.At the same time, in order to strengthen the control of Chinese culture, Japan and European countries actively promote the policy of absorbing Chinese students.In the late Qing Dynasty, the special phenomenon of studying abroad came into being under this particular historical background.The second part: the general situation of Jin Shi studying abroad.It mainly includes four aspects: firstly, it describes the dispatching methods of Jin Shi's study abroad, including the collective dispatch of the Jin Shi Museum, the dispatch of the Hanlin Academy and the departments and departments, the dispatch of local officials from various provinces and the retention of foreign students at their own expense; secondly,This paper introduces the choice of the country of studying abroad and the major learned; thirdly, it introduces the social activities and the change of thought of the students during their stay abroad; finally, it introduces the direction of the return of the jinshi.The third part: the characteristics of the scholars studying abroad.Compared with other groups studying abroad,There are the following characteristics: (1) the mode of studying abroad is mainly sent by the Qing government collectively. (2) the purpose of studying abroad is different from that of other groups studying abroad. (3) the main study countries are Japan. (4) the major of studying abroad is the subject of law and political affairs.The fourth part: the influence of Jin Shi studying abroad on Chinese society in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.This part is also the focus of this paper.After returning to China, these scholars made great efforts in promoting political reform and cultural education, which had an important impact on the political reform, education and culture in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.This paper mainly discusses the influence of studying abroad on the political reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the influence on modern education and the influence on cultural transmission.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K257

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