本文選題：抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：國統(tǒng)區(qū)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 抗戰(zhàn)之前及戰(zhàn)爭的前期,我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)萎縮,廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰敗,金融幾近枯竭,使得糧食、棉花等物資缺乏,嚴(yán)重影響了對(duì)日戰(zhàn)爭與民眾的生產(chǎn)生活。為了解決這些問題,國民政府在國統(tǒng)區(qū)大力推行農(nóng)貸,改善農(nóng)村金融,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,增加糧食等農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量,就顯得尤為必要了。戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后大量的游資涌入國統(tǒng)區(qū);同時(shí)國統(tǒng)區(qū)爆發(fā)的嚴(yán)重的糧食危機(jī)使得國民政府開始重視農(nóng)業(yè);戰(zhàn)前實(shí)施的農(nóng)貸所取的成效以及實(shí)施過程中的不足所帶來的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn);這些都為戰(zhàn)時(shí)實(shí)施大規(guī)模的農(nóng)貸提供了可能。 農(nóng)貸作為戰(zhàn)時(shí)國民政府發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要手段,必然會(huì)隨著戰(zhàn)爭進(jìn)程和當(dāng)時(shí)深刻的社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的變化而調(diào)整。1937—1944年國統(tǒng)區(qū)的農(nóng)貸經(jīng)歷了全面展開(1937—1939年)、調(diào)整(1940年)、頂峰(1941年)和收縮(1942—1944年)四個(gè)階段。 國民政府為戰(zhàn)時(shí)農(nóng)貸的推行制定了一系列的法規(guī)、政策和措施,對(duì)農(nóng)貸的組織系統(tǒng)、對(duì)象、用途、種類、利率、期限、額度、擔(dān)保、回收都有著具體的規(guī)定和要求。在運(yùn)作中,不同地區(qū)、不同時(shí)間以及不同種類的農(nóng)貸都具有一定的特點(diǎn)和差異性。 戰(zhàn)時(shí)國統(tǒng)區(qū)的農(nóng)貸,使得大量資金投入農(nóng)村和涉農(nóng)部門,活躍了農(nóng)村金融,提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,增加了糧食產(chǎn)量,為保證軍需民食和抗戰(zhàn)提供了保障,減少了災(zāi)、饑、流民,維護(hù)了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。同時(shí)也打擊了高利貸,對(duì)整個(gè)農(nóng)村的結(jié)構(gòu)和成分的變化產(chǎn)生了影響。但戰(zhàn)時(shí)農(nóng)貸仍存在放貸數(shù)量少、農(nóng)貸比例投入不合理、農(nóng)貸手續(xù)復(fù)雜、農(nóng)貸具體運(yùn)作中有貪污腐化行為等方面問題,使得地主富戶受益多,農(nóng)民直接受益少。農(nóng)貸實(shí)施在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻實(shí)行緊縮等錯(cuò)誤政策,使農(nóng)貸所產(chǎn)生的作用有限,未能從根本改變當(dāng)時(shí)整個(gè)農(nóng)村的面貌。
[Abstract]:Before the War of Resistance against Japan and in the early stage of the war, the agricultural production of our country shrank, the economy of the vast rural areas declined, and the finance nearly dried up, which made the shortage of food, cotton and other materials, which seriously affected the war against Japan and the production and life of the people.In order to solve these problems, it is particularly necessary for the National Government to vigorously promote agricultural loans, improve rural finance, increase agricultural productivity and increase the output of crops such as grain in the areas under the control of the state.After the outbreak of the war, a large number of hot money poured into the Guo-controlled area, at the same time, the serious food crisis in the Guo-controlled area made the National Government begin to attach importance to agriculture, the effect of agricultural loans implemented before the war and the experience and lessons brought about by the insufficiency in the implementation process;All these made it possible to implement large-scale agricultural loans during the war.Agricultural loans, as an important means for the national government in wartime to develop agricultural production and rural economy, will inevitably follow the course of the war and the profound society and politics of that time.The economic background changed and the agricultural loans in the areas under the control of the state experienced four stages: comprehensive development and adjustment (1940, peak (1941) and contraction (1942-1944)).The National Government has formulated a series of laws and regulations, policies and measures for the implementation of agricultural loans in wartime, and has specific regulations and requirements on the organizational system, objects, uses, types, interest rates, duration, quotas, guarantees and recycling of agricultural loans.In operation, different regions, different time and different types of agricultural loans have certain characteristics and differences.The agricultural loans in the areas under the control of the state during the wartime led to a large amount of funds being invested in rural and agriculture-related departments, rural finance was invigorated, agricultural productivity was increased, grain production was increased, guarantees were provided for ensuring food for the army, the people and the people and the war of resistance against Japan, and disasters, hunger and displacement were reduced.Social stability has been maintained.At the same time also hit usury, the entire rural structure and composition of the change has been affected.However, there are still some problems in agricultural loans in wartime, such as the small amount of loans, the unreasonable proportion of agricultural loans, the complicated procedures of agricultural loans, the corrupt behavior in the operation of agricultural loans, and so on, which make the landlords and rich households benefit more, and the peasants benefit less directly.The implementation of agricultural loan in the key moment of the implementation of austerity and other wrong policies, so that the role of agricultural loans is limited, and failed to fundamentally change the face of the entire rural area at that time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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