本文選題：兩岸貿(mào)易　切入點(diǎn)：美臺(tái)貿(mào)易　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：近三十年來，臺(tái)灣海峽兩岸的經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展迅速擴(kuò)大并日益深化。1992年，祖國(guó)大陸取代美國(guó)成為臺(tái)灣最大的貿(mào)易順差來源地。2002年，大陸取代美國(guó)成為臺(tái)灣最大的出口市場(chǎng)。2003年起，大陸成為臺(tái)灣最大的貿(mào)易伙伴。自此以后，祖國(guó)大陸取代美國(guó)成為臺(tái)灣最大的貿(mào)易伙伴、最大的出口市場(chǎng)和最大的貿(mào)易順差來源地。在這一過程中，臺(tái)灣對(duì)大陸出口依存度持續(xù)升高，而對(duì)美國(guó)出口依存度則不斷降低。臺(tái)灣主要對(duì)外貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)移，改變了過去長(zhǎng)期且高度依賴美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的局面。本論文針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象，主要從1979至2008年間大陸對(duì)臺(tái)政策、美臺(tái)貿(mào)易的演變、臺(tái)灣內(nèi)部環(huán)境、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境等四個(gè)方面分析臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)的主要市場(chǎng)從美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移到祖國(guó)大陸的原因。 論文的主體共有五個(gè)部分，包括四個(gè)章節(jié)和一個(gè)結(jié)語，主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章首先回顧了由50、60年代美國(guó)對(duì)臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助所開啟的美臺(tái)之間緊密的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，分析了“美援”對(duì)于美臺(tái)經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的深刻影響，以及之后美臺(tái)之間投資、貿(mào)易情況。隨后探討了臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)主要市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)移到大陸之后兩岸間貿(mào)易與投資的現(xiàn)狀。 第二章主要探討了改革開放以來祖國(guó)大陸對(duì)臺(tái)政治、經(jīng)貿(mào)政策對(duì)于臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)主要市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)移所產(chǎn)生的影響。首先，回顧了自改革開放以來中國(guó)大陸對(duì)臺(tái)大政方針及臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局的因應(yīng)政策、大陸對(duì)臺(tái)貿(mào)易和投資政策的制定和調(diào)整。在此背景下，檢視了臺(tái)灣官方經(jīng)貿(mào)政策的轉(zhuǎn)變和臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)關(guān)系的變化。大陸對(duì)臺(tái)大政方針是兩岸從隔絕走向互動(dòng)的主導(dǎo)因素，也是兩岸經(jīng)貿(mào)往來發(fā)生發(fā)展的政治前提；大陸對(duì)臺(tái)經(jīng)貿(mào)政策開啟并主導(dǎo)著兩岸轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易和間接投資的發(fā)展，是兩岸經(jīng)貿(mào)往來的決定因素。在大陸優(yōu)惠政策的推動(dòng)下，從70年代末期開始兩岸間的轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易開始起步，至80年代后期已經(jīng)初具規(guī)模。從80年代后期開始，大陸給予臺(tái)商一系列的優(yōu)惠政策引起了臺(tái)灣對(duì)大陸投資的快速增長(zhǎng)，臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局又有限地放松了臺(tái)商赴大陸投資。在這種情況下，臺(tái)灣企業(yè)將其海外生產(chǎn)基地逐漸擴(kuò)展到中國(guó)大陸，由此導(dǎo)致對(duì)美直接出口的減少和對(duì)大陸出口半成品和機(jī)械設(shè)備的增加，臺(tái)灣對(duì)大陸出口的擴(kuò)大則伴隨著其對(duì)美國(guó)出口的下降。所以，在臺(tái)商投資的帶動(dòng)下，，兩岸間接貿(mào)易規(guī)模和數(shù)額有了突飛猛進(jìn)地發(fā)展，以致最終大陸于2002年取代美國(guó)成為臺(tái)灣最大的出口市場(chǎng)。 第三章主要檢視了1979至2008年這30年間，美臺(tái)貿(mào)易關(guān)系的演變軌跡。從美國(guó)方面的因素探討了臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)主要市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)移的原因，并得出如下結(jié)論：雖然，就整體而言，美臺(tái)貿(mào)易總額和規(guī)模在不斷擴(kuò)大，但其雙邊貿(mào)易的密切程度和依賴程度卻在不斷下降，美臺(tái)貿(mào)易在各自貿(mào)易格局中的比重呈現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)步下降的趨勢(shì)。臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)已經(jīng)改變了過去片面倚靠美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的局面。 第四章主要檢視了近三十年來臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展內(nèi)外環(huán)境的變遷。從經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的角度來探討臺(tái)灣內(nèi)部政治、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型以及國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化對(duì)于臺(tái)灣外貿(mào)市場(chǎng)從美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移到中國(guó)大陸的影響。政治轉(zhuǎn)型和社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的頻仍導(dǎo)致臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的干擾日益嚴(yán)重，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所需要的穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)環(huán)境不復(fù)存在；經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型也增加了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的困境；區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化、集團(tuán)化的快速發(fā)展，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義壓力，發(fā)展中國(guó)家和地區(qū)的取代競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使得臺(tái)灣產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。兩岸經(jīng)貿(mào)的迅速發(fā)展適時(shí)地成為臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，并且對(duì)其重要性與日俱增。隨著兩岸日益緊密的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作格局不斷擴(kuò)大和深化，大陸市場(chǎng)最終取代美國(guó)市場(chǎng)成為支撐臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的重要?jiǎng)恿碓础?結(jié)語部分主要總結(jié)了1979至2008年這三十年之間，臺(tái)灣主要貿(mào)易對(duì)象從美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移到祖國(guó)大陸的原因，分析了兩岸經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的加強(qiáng)對(duì)于未來兩岸政治統(tǒng)一的影響，并且進(jìn)一步指出臺(tái)灣的經(jīng)濟(jì)前途在大陸。
[Abstract]:In the past thirty years, the two sides of the Taiwan Straits Economic and trade development rapidly expanding and deepening of.1992 years, mainland China replaced the United States as Taiwan's largest source of trade surplus in.2002, China overtook the us to become Taiwan's largest export market for.2003 years, the mainland has become the largest trading partner of Taiwan. Since then, China replaced the United States as Taiwan the largest trade partner, the largest export market and the largest source of trade surplus. In this process, Taiwan on the mainland export dependence continues to rise, and the degree of dependence on exports to the United States decreased. The occurrence of a major shift in Taiwan foreign trade relations, long-term change in the past and is highly dependent on the American market situation. This thesis focuses on this phenomenon, mainly from 1979 to 2008 years, the Taiwan policy, evolution of the US Taiwan trade, Taiwan internal environment, the international economic environment of the four party The analysis of the main market of Taiwan's foreign trade from the United States to the mainland of China.
The main body of the thesis consists of five parts, including four chapters and a conclusion. The main contents are as follows:
The first chapter reviews the close trade relationship between the 50,60 of America's economic aid opened by the United States and Taiwan, analyzes the profound influence of American aid for economic and trade relations between the United States and Taiwan, as well as between the United States and Taiwan investment and trade. Then it discusses the main field of foreign trade in Taiwan city after the transfer to the mainland trade and investment between the two sides of the situation.
The second chapter mainly discusses the mainland to Taiwan political influence since the reform and opening up, economic and trade policies produced for Taiwan foreign trade major market transfer. First, reviewed since the reform and opening up policy, Chinese of NTU and the Taiwan authorities for policy formulation and adjustment of the mainland's Taiwan Trade and investment policy in this background. Under the view of the transformation of Taiwan official trade policy and trade relations changes. Taiwan, is the dominant factor of cross-strait interaction from isolation to the Taiwan policy, the political premise is the development of cross-strait economic and trade exchanges, economic and trade policy to Taiwan; open and dominate the development of cross-strait trade and direct investment, is a decisive factor for both sides the economic and trade exchanges. In promoting, preferential policies, starting from the end of the 70s cross-strait entrepot trade started, to the late 80s has already begun to take shape. Starting in late 80s, Taiwan, given a series of preferential policies caused the rapid growth of Taiwan investment in mainland China, the Taiwan authorities have limited relaxation of Taiwan investment in the mainland. In this case, Taiwan enterprises will be gradually extended to the overseas production base, China, resulting in the increase of direct exports to the United States and to reduce the mainland export semi-finished products and machinery and equipment, expand Taiwan's exports to China is accompanied by the export decline in the United States. So, in Taiwanese investment driven by the indirect cross-strait trade scale and the amount has been developing rapidly, and eventually, to replace the United States in 2002 to become Taiwan's largest export market.
The third chapter mainly examines the 1979 to 2008 these 30 years, the evolution path of us Taiwan trade relations. To explore the reasons of Taiwan foreign trade major market transfer factors from the United States, and draws the following conclusion: Although, on the whole, the total trade and expanding, but the close degree of bilateral trade and dependence is on the decline, the proportion of us Taiwan Trade in their respective trade pattern showed a steady downward trend. Taiwan foreign trade has changed over the past one-sided rely on US market situation.
The fourth chapter mainly examines the changes of internal and external environment of the economic development of Taiwan in recent thirty years. To explore the internal politics of Taiwan from the perspective of economic growth, social and economic transformation and the international economic environment changes to the transfer of Taiwan from the United States to influence foreign trade market, Chinese. Political transition and social movement led to the economic development of Taiwan is becoming more and more frequent the serious interference of non economic factors, the economic development needs a stable social environment does not exist; the transformation of the economic structure has also increased the economic growth dilemma; regional economic integration, the group of fast development, protectionist pressures in developed countries, developing countries and regions instead of competition makes Taiwan product facing severe challenges in the international market. The rapid development of cross-strait economic and trade to become a new growth point of economic development in Taiwan, and its importance and As the increasingly close economic and trade cooperation pattern on both sides of the Taiwan Strait expands and deepens, the mainland market will eventually replace the US market and become an important source of power to support Taiwan's economic growth.
The conclusion part summarizes the 1979 to 2008 thirty years, the reason from the United States to the mainland of Taiwan's main trading partners, analysis of the cross-strait economic and trade relations to strengthen the influence for the future of cross-strait political unity, and further pointed out that Taiwan's economic future in the mainland.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K27;F752.9

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