本文選題：滿漢關(guān)系　切入點：滿漢政策　出處：《云南師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：清朝的滿漢政策，經(jīng)歷了一個不斷發(fā)展變化的過程。清初，統(tǒng)治者施行民族同化政策，再到清中期實行的“滿漢一體”、“滿漢一家”，晚清時“平滿漢畛域”以化滿漢族群之間的沖突和對立。滿漢政策的施行是根據(jù)滿漢關(guān)系的改變而發(fā)生變化的，這是一個非常復雜而又曲折的歷史過程。 清初統(tǒng)治者為了鞏固其統(tǒng)治，壓制和消弭漢人的反抗精神，對于漢人的反抗，統(tǒng)治者的鎮(zhèn)壓極其殘忍冷酷，以致出現(xiàn)了“揚州十日”、“嘉定三屠”這樣大規(guī)模屠殺漢人的事件；制訂“逃人法”，奴役廣大漢人供滿人驅(qū)使，并制訂嚴厲政策抵制其逃亡；大興“文字獄”，在文化上對漢人潛在的反抗精神予以扼殺；提出“夷夏不分家”的理論，挑戰(zhàn)并試圖徹底顛覆漢人傳統(tǒng)的“華夷之防”思想；在身份地位上，清朝統(tǒng)治者始終保持著警覺，采取“滿漢隔離”、“崇滿抑漢”的政策：嚴禁滿漢通婚、禁止?jié)h人居住在東北“龍興之地”，甚至設(shè)置障礙，防止?jié)h人進入邊疆與其他少數(shù)民族交流。這些政策的實施，大大激化了滿漢矛盾。然而到了清末，在“千古未有之大變局”的背景下，一方面，，漢人民族意識的覺醒與“排滿”意識開始重新抬頭；另一方面，滿人軍事力量的不振和漢人地方實力派的崛起，清統(tǒng)治者被迫開始調(diào)整滿漢政策以應(yīng)對新的形勢。 本文重點放在了晚清滿漢政策的調(diào)整方向、力度與執(zhí)行力上。一方面，隨著滿人八旗制度的難以為繼與漢人地方實力派的崛起，統(tǒng)治者更加依仗漢人的軍事力量來維持其統(tǒng)治；另一方面，漢人民族主義已經(jīng)覺醒，在民族主義的沖擊及反制下，滿人對于維持其原有特權(quán)利益上漸漸顯得力不從心。對于漢人力量的挑戰(zhàn)，滿人統(tǒng)治者試圖調(diào)整滿漢政策以適應(yīng)新的形式。但是，清政府出臺的一系列措施被證明非但無法解決原有的滿漢畛域，而滿漢畛域反而有擴大化之勢。清政府在解決滿漢問題上的無能——始自奕1861年被任命為軍機處大臣為代表的滿人親王政治、1865年出臺的關(guān)于八旗改革的諭令，一直到義和團運動后的清末新政——大大消減了社會精英對政府的信任和期許，為之后辛亥革命的成功創(chuàng)造了條件。
[Abstract]:The Manchu and Han policies of the Qing Dynasty underwent a process of continuous development and change. In the early Qing Dynasty, the rulers implemented the policy of national assimilation. To the "integration of Manchu and Han", "Manchu and Han" in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and to the "plain Manchu and Han" in the late Qing Dynasty in order to change the conflict and opposition between the Manchu and Han ethnic groups. The implementation of Manchu and Han policies has changed according to the changes in Manchu and Han relations. This is a very complicated and tortuous historical process. In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to consolidate their rule, suppress and eliminate the spirit of resistance of the Han people, the suppression of the rulers was extremely cruel and cold, resulting in the mass slaughter of Han people such as "Yangzhou 10 days" and "Jiading three slaughtering". They formulated the "fleeing people Law", enslaved the vast number of Han people to be driven by the Manchu, and formulated strict policies to resist their escape; greatly promoted the "literary prison" to stifle the latent spirit of resistance of the Han people in culture; and put forward the theory that "the Yi Xia is not separated from the family." Challenging and attempting to completely subvert the traditional Han people's thought of "the defense of China's Yi"; on the status of the Qing Dynasty, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty remained vigilant and adopted the policy of "isolating the Manchu and Han" and "worshipping the Manchu and restraining the Han": the marriage between Manchu and Han was strictly prohibited. Han people are forbidden to live in the "Longxing Land" of the Northeast, and even obstacles are set up to prevent Han people from entering the border areas to communicate with other ethnic minorities. These policies greatly intensified the conflict between Manchu and Han. However, by the end of the Qing Dynasty, On the one hand, the awakening of the national consciousness of the Han people and the consciousness of "queue up" began to rise again; on the other hand, the military power of the Manchu people and the rise of the local strength of the Han people began to rise again. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty were forced to adjust the Manchu-Han policy to cope with the new situation. This paper focuses on the adjustment direction, strength and execution of Manchu and Han policies in the late Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, with the unsustainability of the eight banners of Manchu people and the rise of the local powerful schools of Han people, The rulers rely more on the military power of the Han people to maintain their rule; on the other hand, the Han nationalism has awoken, under the impact of nationalism and counter-control. Manchu people are becoming unable to maintain their original privileged interests. To the challenge of Han power, Manchu rulers try to adjust Manchu policies to new forms. However, A series of measures introduced by the Qing government proved that they could not solve the problem of the original Manchu and Han regions. On the contrary, the Manchu and Han regions have the tendency to expand. The Qing government's incompetence in solving the Manchu and Han problems began with the Manchu Prince Politics, appointed as the Minister of military aircraft and Department in 1861, and the oracle on the reform of the eight banners issued in 1865. The New deal until the end of Qing Dynasty after the Yihetuan Movement greatly reduced the trust and expectation of the social elite to the government and created the conditions for the success of the 1911 Revolution.
【學位授予單位】：云南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K252

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本文編號：1686210