本文選題：列強(qiáng)矛盾　切入點(diǎn)：日本侵臺(tái)事件　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：臺(tái)灣自古以來就是中國的神圣領(lǐng)土，數(shù)千年來，雖然朝代更迭，政權(quán)變換，但這一事實(shí)從未改變。然而，到了晚清時(shí)代，隨著國運(yùn)的衰頹和一次次對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭的失利，列強(qiáng)虎視眈眈，臺(tái)灣越發(fā)陷入危急之中。 與清朝的衰頹相反，日本經(jīng)明治維新迅速走上了發(fā)展資本主義的道路，逐漸由弱變強(qiáng)，并確定了“躍進(jìn)海外、雄飛大陸”的擴(kuò)張政策，其首要目標(biāo)就是琉球、朝鮮與中國的臺(tái)灣。1874年，日本以“琉球船難民事件”和“小田縣漂民事件”為由發(fā)兵侵臺(tái)，敲響了近代日本侵略中國之警鐘。 然而，，此時(shí)以英國為首的列強(qiáng)在臺(tái)灣擁有巨大的商業(yè)利益，日本悍然出兵必將打破這種利益的平衡，所以，列強(qiáng)對(duì)日本侵臺(tái)事件極為關(guān)注。于是，日本“侵臺(tái)事件”從一開始就夾雜著英、美、俄、德、西等國的影子，更重要的是列強(qiáng)在很大程度上影響了事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局。 其實(shí)，剛剛走上資本主義發(fā)展道路的日本就敢發(fā)兵臺(tái)灣，挑戰(zhàn)中國，與美國在背后的鼓動(dòng)是有很大關(guān)系的。最初，美國用各種手法來慫恿日本侵臺(tái)，扮演了一個(gè)不光彩的角色。然而，隨著戰(zhàn)局的演變和國際、國內(nèi)等多方面因素的影響，美國根據(jù)自己國家利益的需要，改變了其原有的政策，轉(zhuǎn)而在中日之間居中調(diào)停，企圖撈取利益，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的戰(zhàn)略意圖。 當(dāng)時(shí)的世界霸主英國在臺(tái)灣有著巨大的商業(yè)利益。日軍進(jìn)犯臺(tái)灣，無疑會(huì)侵犯到英國在臺(tái)的商務(wù)，因此，英國不希望日本改變現(xiàn)狀，為此，其公使在中日兩國之間積極調(diào)停，力求避免戰(zhàn)爭。 此外，當(dāng)日本出兵臺(tái)灣的消息傳出后，德國、法國、俄國、西班牙等國政府也強(qiáng)調(diào)臺(tái)灣屬中國領(lǐng)土，向日本提出質(zhì)問并反對(duì)其發(fā)動(dòng)軍事行動(dòng)，還禁止本國商民受雇參與侵臺(tái)之事。清政府亦調(diào)兵遣將，派沈葆楨赴臺(tái)備戰(zhàn)，這都對(duì)日本的侵臺(tái)計(jì)劃造成了一定的打擊。 就在日本侵臺(tái)的同時(shí)，我國西北、西南幾乎同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了邊疆危機(jī)，清政府顧此失彼，難以應(yīng)付。而日本在國際上陷入孤立，自身實(shí)力并不充足。于是，在列強(qiáng)“調(diào)�！焙椭腥障喑值拇蟊尘跋�，兩國相互妥協(xié)，簽訂《北京專條》，明確臺(tái)灣為中國領(lǐng)土，日本撤軍、清政府賠款，日本侵臺(tái)事件暫告解決。以英國為首的歐美列強(qiáng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的目的，不僅維護(hù)了英國的原有利益，還乘機(jī)獲取了更大的新利益。 中日《北京專條》的簽訂，使得日本得以體面退兵，對(duì)日本國力發(fā)展的蒸蒸日上的勢頭是一個(gè)促進(jìn)，并為日后日本同歐美列強(qiáng)開展平等的外交奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。但是，表述模糊的條款給清政府帶來了無窮的后患，為日本以后更加肆無忌憚地入侵中國埋下了禍患，同時(shí)也助長了列強(qiáng)的侵華野心，所以，對(duì)清政府來說堪稱是一次外交的失敗。百余年前的日本“侵臺(tái)事件”，應(yīng)成為中日兩國所有熱愛和平的人民的警示之鐘，醒世之篇，在正視歷史的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)合作與競爭，追求共贏。
[Abstract]:Taiwan has been a sacred territory of China since ancient times. For thousands of years, although the dynasties and regimes have changed, this fact has never changed. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, with the decline of the state and the defeat of foreign wars, As the powers watched covetously, Taiwan was increasingly in crisis. Contrary to the decline and decay of the Qing Dynasty, Japan quickly embarked on the path of developing capitalism through the Meiji Restoration, gradually changing from weak to strong, and determined the expansion policy of "leaping overseas and flying to the mainland", the primary goal of which was Ryukyu. Korea and China's Taiwan. In 1874, Japan attacked Taiwan on the grounds of "the Ryukyu boat refugee incident" and "the floating people incident in Oita Prefecture", which sounded the alarm of Japanese aggression against China in modern times. However, at this time, the Great Powers headed by Britain had huge commercial interests in Taiwan, and Japan's blatant troops would certainly upset the balance of such interests. Therefore, the powers were extremely concerned about the Japanese invasion of Taiwan. From the beginning, Japan's "invasion of Taiwan" was mixed with the shadow of Britain, the United States, Russia, Germany and the West, and, more importantly, the great powers affected the occurrence, development and outcome of the incident to a great extent. As a matter of fact, Japan, which had just embarked on the path of capitalist development, dared to send troops to Taiwan and challenge China, which had much to do with the United States' agitation behind the scenes. At first, the United States used various methods to encourage Japan to invade Taiwan. However, with the evolution of the war situation and the influence of various factors, such as international and domestic factors, the United States changed its original policy according to its own national interests and instead mediated between China and Japan. We are trying to gain profits and realize our own strategic intentions. At that time, the overlord of the world, Britain, had enormous commercial interests in Taiwan. If the Japanese army invaded Taiwan, it would undoubtedly invade British business in Taiwan. Therefore, Britain did not want Japan to change the status quo. For this reason, its minister actively mediated between China and Japan. Try to avoid war. In addition, when the news of Japan sending troops to Taiwan came out, the governments of Germany, France, Russia, Spain, and other countries also stressed that Taiwan was part of Chinese territory, and challenged Japan and opposed its military action. The Qing government also deployed troops to send Shen Baozhen to Taiwan to prepare for the war, all of which dealt a blow to Japan's plans to invade Taiwan. At the same time when Japan invaded Taiwan, there was a border crisis almost simultaneously in the northwest and southwest of China, and the Qing government was unable to cope with it because of its neglect of one another. But Japan was isolated internationally and its own strength was not sufficient. Against the background of the "mediation" of the powers and the Sino-Japanese confrontation, the two countries compromised each other and signed the "Beijing Special Article" to make it clear that Taiwan is Chinese territory, that Japan has withdrawn its troops, and that the Qing government has made reparations. The European and American powers, led by Britain, realized their purpose, not only safeguarding the original interests of Britain, but also taking advantage of the opportunity to gain greater new interests. The signing of the Sino-Japanese "Beijing special articles" enabled Japan to withdraw its troops respectfully. The growing momentum of the development of Japan's national strength was a promotion, and it laid a good foundation for Japan's future diplomacy with the European and American powers on an equal footing. The vague expression of the articles brought endless trouble to the Qing government, which laid the scourge for Japan's further wanton invasion of China, and at the same time encouraged the ambition of the foreign powers to invade China. Therefore, The "invasion of Taiwan" by Japan more than 100 years ago should serve as a warning bell for all peace-loving people of China and Japan, wake up the world, and strengthen cooperation and competition on the basis of facing up to history. The pursuit of win-win.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：K256

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