本文選題：顧維鈞　切入點(diǎn)：政治人格　出處：《中原工學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：顧維鈞是我國現(xiàn)代史上公認(rèn)的卓越外交家之一,他以強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人特色和民族精神維護(hù)了中國國際外交的民族尊嚴(yán),改變了對(duì)外屈辱關(guān)系。一直以來,國內(nèi)外歷史學(xué)界及社會(huì)各界學(xué)者對(duì)顧維鈞的研究著作及研究成果層見迭出,這些前輩多以宏觀體系或國家層面等視角分析他外交實(shí)踐的主要成就與外交思想,在這些研究成果基礎(chǔ)之上,作者由困惑提出問題,即在外交實(shí)踐中的“傳奇”做法和經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在動(dòng)因究竟是什么?他是如何形成自己的政治人格,并在歷史的舞臺(tái)上展現(xiàn)和修正的?本文從政治心理學(xué)的視角,主要運(yùn)用哈羅德·拉斯韋爾所創(chuàng)和發(fā)展的的政治人格理論(1)對(duì)顧維鈞的政治人格進(jìn)行分析研究。[1]第一章提出本文研究的主要問題與意義,對(duì)顧維鈞的生平和本文所需的政治人格理論作了簡要介紹,同時(shí)闡釋了人格和政治人格的概念以及學(xué)界對(duì)顧維鈞的研究現(xiàn)狀。第二章分析探討其政治人格類型為理論家型政治人格,哈羅德·拉斯韋爾按心理驅(qū)動(dòng)力將政治人格類型劃分為鼓動(dòng)者型、行政者型、理論家型等。拉斯韋爾理論中對(duì)理論家型的描述可概括為那些以科學(xué)或者啟蒙為專業(yè)的,亦或在哲學(xué)中的那些思想佼佼者。他們創(chuàng)立出某種系統(tǒng)性的體制或模式。顧維鈞不僅以學(xué)國際法和外交學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)國家政體等體制能進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地觀察與研究,也可以在此基礎(chǔ)上闡述某種設(shè)定下的制度及提出建設(shè)性方案,這是確定其為此人格的主要依據(jù)。第三章從個(gè)體視角和社會(huì)層面探討他的政治人格形成過程,哈羅德·拉斯韋爾的理論認(rèn)為政治行為是政治行為者的私人動(dòng)機(jī)向公共事務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)移,其中包括作為基礎(chǔ)價(jià)值的權(quán)力,是不同個(gè)體的人格把自身特征代換成公眾目標(biāo),而后依據(jù)公眾的利益將其政治活動(dòng)合理化的結(jié)果。理論結(jié)合關(guān)于顧維鈞的史料,分析其私人動(dòng)機(jī)從反抗父權(quán)逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)落后制度改革的盼望和對(duì)國家地位的提高,最終與國家與人民反抗列強(qiáng)侵略的需求相結(jié)合并反映到政治人格的形成上。第四章試圖在其外交生涯中選取兩個(gè)典型案例,分析對(duì)其生命主要外交活動(dòng)與其政治人格的互動(dòng)影響,認(rèn)為他在巴黎和會(huì)上的驚世之舉可看做是其政治人格形成后的集中體現(xiàn)。[2]之后其政治人格大體上沒有變化,但在靈活度上較之前提高很多,政治個(gè)性更加穩(wěn)定和策略得當(dāng),吸收了多年外交斡旋的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。外交領(lǐng)域的這些經(jīng)歷既是演繹了其超然的理論家型政治人格,又在某種程度上修正并完善了人格特質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Gu Weijun is one of the outstanding diplomats recognized in the modern history of our country. With his strong personal characteristics and national spirit, he has safeguarded the national dignity of China's international diplomacy and changed its humiliating relations with foreign countries. The research works and achievements of Gu Weijun have been published in history circles at home and abroad and scholars from all walks of life. Most of these predecessors analyzed the main achievements and diplomatic thoughts of Gu Weijun's diplomatic practice from the perspective of macroscopic system or national level. On the basis of these research results, the author raises the question from confusion, that is, what is the internal motivation of the "legendary" approach and experience in diplomatic practice? How did he form his own political personality and show and revise it on the stage of history? From the perspective of political psychology, this paper analyzes Gu Weijun's political personality by using the theory of political personality created and developed by Harold Raswell. [1] the first chapter puts forward the main problems and significance of this paper. This paper briefly introduces Gu Weijun's life and the theory of political personality needed in this paper. At the same time, it explains the concept of personality and political personality and the current situation of academic research on Gu Weijun. Harold Raswell divided the types of political personality into agitators, admins, theorists, and so on according to the psychological drive. The description of theorists in Raswell's theory can be summed up as those that specialize in science or enlightenment. Or those who excel in philosophy. They create a systematic system or model. Gu Weijun is not only based on the study of international law and diplomacy, but also makes detailed observations and studies of institutions such as the state system of government. On the basis of this, we can also expound a certain system and put forward constructive scheme, which is the main basis for the determination of his personality. Chapter three discusses his political personality formation process from the perspective of individual and social level. Harold Raswell's theory is that political behavior is a shift from the private motives of political actors to public affairs, including power as a fundamental value, where the personality of different individuals replaces their own identity with a public goal. Then according to the result of rationalizing its political activities according to the interests of the public, the theory combines with the historical data about Gu Weijun, and analyzes its private motive from resisting patriarchal power to gradually transforming its private motive from resistance to patriarchy to hope for the reform of backward system and to the improvement of national status. Finally, it combines with the demand of the state and the people to resist the invasion of the great powers and reflects the formation of political personality. Chapter 4th tries to select two typical cases in his diplomatic career. Analyzing the interaction between his main diplomatic activities in his life and his political personality, it is concluded that his surprise at the Paris Peace Conference can be seen as a concentrated manifestation of his political personality after the formation of his political personality. [2] after that, his political personality has remained largely unchanged. However, the degree of flexibility is much higher, the political personality is more stable and the strategy is appropriate, absorbing the experience and lessons of years of diplomatic mediation. These experiences in the diplomatic field both deduce its transcendent theorist political personality. To some extent, the personality traits have been modified and perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中原工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K827;K26

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