本文選題：大運(yùn)河　切入點(diǎn)：城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)　出處：《四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：清朝是中國(guó)歷史上最后一個(gè)封建王朝,它處于我國(guó)從傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向近代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的重要時(shí)期。以1840年的鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)為界,清代前期經(jīng)歷了封建社會(huì)的最后一個(gè)盛世——康乾盛世;鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,中國(guó)遭受西方資本主義列強(qiáng)的侵略,逐步進(jìn)入半殖民地半封建社會(huì)。這導(dǎo)致中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的劇變,此種變化不是在一種和平環(huán)境下有序進(jìn)行的,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、動(dòng)亂、災(zāi)害各種影響社會(huì)正常發(fā)展的因素在近代中國(guó)此起彼伏。中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)體系漸趨瓦解,被列強(qiáng)用武力強(qiáng)行納入世界資本主義體系的中國(guó),開(kāi)始了艱難的近代化歷程。 京杭運(yùn)河自隋代開(kāi)通之后,雖然路線幾經(jīng)變遷,但是歷代朝廷無(wú)不極其重視大運(yùn)河的維護(hù)疏浚,這是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)河承擔(dān)著漕運(yùn)——這一維系王朝正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的重要活動(dòng)。自隋至清,無(wú)不如此。清代前期,為了維持漕運(yùn)的需要,清政府不惜耗費(fèi)巨資,對(duì)京杭運(yùn)河精心維護(hù),以保證王朝生命線的暢通。在漕運(yùn)的帶動(dòng)下,大運(yùn)河商貿(mào)興旺,由此帶動(dòng)運(yùn)河沿線地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,使運(yùn)河沿線的城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)一派繁榮景象。清代中期以后,漕糧改行海運(yùn),再加上黃河決口、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等原因,運(yùn)河漸趨衰落。隨著輪船、火車等近代交通工具的使用,京杭運(yùn)河在經(jīng)歷前期的興盛之后,最終被鐵路和海運(yùn)所取代。 京杭大運(yùn)河的衰落對(duì)沿線城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。某些曾經(jīng)繁華一時(shí)的運(yùn)河城市從此一蹶不振;有些城市經(jīng)歷短暫的衰落后,重新振興并發(fā)展成頗具規(guī)模的近代都市;有的城市則進(jìn)行著緩慢的近代化歷程。運(yùn)河衰落對(duì)沿運(yùn)河地區(qū)的鄉(xiāng)村、小城鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文旨在研究清中期以后京杭大運(yùn)河衰落對(duì)沿岸地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,其中包括城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的新變化、城市衰落的表現(xiàn)及原因探析。通過(guò)對(duì)京杭大運(yùn)河衰落對(duì)沿岸地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響的研究,對(duì)運(yùn)河城市的近代化轉(zhuǎn)型能提出一點(diǎn)自己的見(jiàn)解,并希望本文對(duì)當(dāng)今交通干線建設(shè)與沿線城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)互動(dòng)發(fā)展方面,有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, which was in the important period of transition from the traditional society to the modern society in China. With the Opium War in 1840 as the boundary, the early Qing Dynasty experienced the last prosperous period of the feudal society-Kangqian prosperous period; After the Opium War, China was invaded by Western capitalist powers and gradually entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. This led to dramatic changes in China's economy and society, which did not take place in an orderly manner in a peaceful environment. In modern China, the traditional economic and social system of China gradually disintegrated, and China, which was forcibly brought into the world capitalist system by the powers by force, began a difficult process of modernization. Since the opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal in the Sui Dynasty, although the route has changed several times, the imperial courts of all dynasties have attached great importance to the maintenance and dredging of the Grand Canal, which is because the Canal undertakes the important activities of water transportation, which keeps the dynasty running normally. From the Sui to the Qing dynasties, In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to maintain the need of water transportation, the Qing government did not hesitate to expend a great deal of money to maintain the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal meticulously, so as to ensure the smooth flow of the dynasty's lifeline. Led by the canal transportation, the Grand Canal was prosperous in commerce and commerce. This led to the development of the urban and rural economy along the canal, which made the urban and rural economy along the canal prosperous. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the grain was diverted to sea transportation, together with the Yellow River crevasse, the war, and so on, and the canal gradually declined. The use of modern means of transportation such as trains, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, after its early prosperity, was eventually replaced by railways and sea transportation. The decline of the Grand Canal has had a great impact on the urban and rural economy along the route. Some cities are undergoing a slow process of modernization. The decline of the canal is directed against the villages along the canal. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the decline of the Grand Canal on the urban and rural economy in coastal areas since the middle of Qing Dynasty, including the new changes in urban and rural economy. Based on the study of the impact of the decline of the Grand Canal on the urban and rural economy along the coast, this paper puts forward some opinions on the modernization of the canal city. It is hoped that this paper can be used for reference in the interactive development of traffic trunk construction and urban and rural economy along the route.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K252

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