本文選題：閻敬銘　切入點(diǎn)：黃崖山教案　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為晚清時(shí)期重要的官員,閻敬銘在中國(guó)近代史上有著極其重要的歷史影響。在長(zhǎng)期的理政過(guò)程中,他時(shí)刻奉行勤政、廉儉、恤民、愛(ài)國(guó)的原則,被人們視為清官的典范。文章將運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、文化學(xué)等相關(guān)理論和方法,梳理閻敬銘的主要政績(jī),對(duì)其做一個(gè)客觀的評(píng)價(jià)和歷史定位。政治上,閻敬銘成績(jī)十分突出。他注意整頓吏治,清朝末年官場(chǎng)腐敗,吏風(fēng)日下,大小官員皆尚貪縱奢侈,反以廉潔儉約為怪,唯有閻敬銘厲行節(jié)約,極大的扭轉(zhuǎn)了官場(chǎng)的不良習(xí)氣;他為官公正嚴(yán)明,不徇私枉法,處理案件十分公允利民。在山東閻敬銘注意整頓吏治,懲治劣員,舉薦賢員,嚴(yán)格官吏升遷考核制度,任人唯賢,唯才是舉。同時(shí)清查虧欠錢糧,使得山東庫(kù)收穩(wěn)定,大大提高了財(cái)政收入。由于他帶頭厲行節(jié)約,操守清廉,以至山東吏治大為改觀。同時(shí),他深知民苦,注意體恤民情,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,整頓關(guān)稅厘金,治理漕務(wù)鹽務(wù),減免苛捐雜稅,大大減輕人民的負(fù)擔(dān),他十分關(guān)注雨澤糧價(jià),從其奏折上報(bào)的雨澤糧價(jià)之細(xì)致可以看出對(duì)民生的關(guān)注。同治年間,黃河決溢頻繁,他親赴災(zāi)區(qū)了解災(zāi)情,食宿在農(nóng)民家中了解災(zāi)情,用兩年時(shí)間疏浚河流完畢。由于戰(zhàn)亂不斷,山東地區(qū)各種社會(huì)矛盾激化,捻軍、福軍等農(nóng)民起義此起彼伏,當(dāng)時(shí)山東民變四起的大背景,官府對(duì)民眾聚集活動(dòng)極為緊張、恐慌,往往采取極端措施。閻敬銘采取措施處置了黃崖山事變。1877年山西省大饑,清廷屢派官賑濟(jì),猶不能很好解決,于是調(diào)派閻敬銘去視察賑務(wù)。他執(zhí)法不茍,查拿了貪官知州段鼎耀等人;嚴(yán)厲彈彈劾了禮部尚書(shū)恩承、都察院童華一伙對(duì)地方的滋擾,晉民交口稱快。他不但在虞鄉(xiāng)建立學(xué)校,而且掃除積弊,減免繁苛的差徭賦稅。同時(shí),大力提倡栽桑養(yǎng)蠶,戒種罌粟(大煙),出版發(fā)行格言十七種及司馬溫公《資治通鑒》、《涑水紀(jì)聞》等書(shū),深受人民贊頌。閻敬銘整頓戶部積弊,掀開(kāi)了戶部的許多黑幕,最惹眼的是掀出了云南省的軍費(fèi)報(bào)銷安案。軍費(fèi)報(bào)銷向來(lái)是報(bào)銷者和戶部司官、書(shū)辦的貪污門路,報(bào)銷者可以把并非軍費(fèi)的款項(xiàng)納入軍費(fèi)中去報(bào)銷,而把大量款項(xiàng)揣入私囊;戶部明知有弊而給予報(bào)銷,就要私收賄賂,通同作弊。云南的軍費(fèi)報(bào)銷,早在閻敬銘入京職掌戶部的半年前就已開(kāi)始舞弊,閻敬銘上任后大刀闊斧地整頓,使言官們打消顧慮,逐漸敢言了。閻回陜后熱心地方公益事業(yè),不僅捐款修建義學(xué),而且倡導(dǎo)、督促在(朝邑)縣城西側(cè)(今大荔縣城東17公里處的朝邑南寨子)建起一座豐圖義倉(cāng)。
[Abstract]:As an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, Yan Jingming had an extremely important historical influence in the modern history of China. In his long-term process of administration, he always pursued the principles of diligence, honesty and thrift, compassion for the people, and patriotism. It will be regarded as an example of a clean official. The article will use the relevant theories and methods of history, sociology, political science, culture and other related theories and methods to sort out Yan Jingming's main achievements and make an objective evaluation and historical orientation. Politically, Yan Jingming's achievements were very outstanding. He paid attention to rectifying the official administration, corruption in the official field in the late Qing Dynasty, and the officials of all sizes were still greedy and extravagant, opposing the incorruptible and thrifty, only Yan Jingming was strict in saving, which greatly reversed the bad habits of the officialdom; He was just and strict as an official, did not bend the law for selfish ends, handled cases fairly and profitably. In Shandong, Yan Jingming paid attention to rectifying the administration of officials, punishing bad officials, recommending meritorious members, strictly enforcing the system of promotion and examination of officials, and appointing meritocracy. At the same time, by checking the amount of money owed, Shandong's treasury was kept stable, and its financial income was greatly increased. As a result of his leading efforts to economize, his conduct was clean, and the administration of officials in Shandong was greatly improved. At the same time, he knew the sufferings of the people and paid attention to compassion for the people. In economic terms, we should rectify customs duties, regulate salt affairs, reduce taxes and taxes, and greatly lighten the burden on the people. He is very concerned about the price of food in Yu Ze. From the meticulous presentation of the prices of food in Yu Ze, we can see that we are concerned about the people's livelihood. During the same years, The Yellow River overflows frequently, he goes to the disaster area personally to understand the disaster situation, the food and lodging know the disaster situation in the farmer's house, and the river is dredged in two years. As a result of the continuous war, various kinds of social contradictions in Shandong area are intensified, the peasant uprisings, such as the twisting army and the Fujun, rise one after another. At that time, in the background of the four events of the uprising in Shandong, the government authorities were extremely nervous and panicked about the gathering of people, and often took extreme measures. Yan Jingming took measures to deal with the Huangya Mountain incident. In 1877, Shanxi Province was hungry and the Qing government sent officials for relief. Still unable to solve the problem very well, he sent Yan Jingming to inspect the relief affairs. He did not carry out the law meticulously, took corrupt officials and governor Duan Dingyao, and so on; severely impeached the ministry of etiquette, Shang Shu and Chengcheng, and the Tonghua gang of the Capital Inspection Institute harassed the place. He not only set up a school in Yuxiang, but also eliminated the old malpractices and reduced the onerous taxes and taxes. At the same time, he strongly advocated planting mulberry and raising sericulture. Abstinence from growing opium poppy (Big smoke, publication of 17 aphorisms, Sima Wen Gong "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Sushui Ji Wen") and other books, deeply praised by the people. Yan Jingming rectified the old malpractices of the household department and opened up many dark scenes of the household department. The most striking thing is that the military expense account of Yunnan Province has been raised. The military expense account has always been the reimburser and the official of the Department of Household Affairs, the embezzlement door of the book office, the reimburser can bring the money which is not military expenditure into the military expenditure to reimburse, but carries a large amount of money into the private pocket; The Department of Housing, knowing that there is a malpractice, will pay bribes and cheat together. Yunnan's military expenses reimbursement began six months before Yan Jingming entered Beijing as head of the household office, and Yan Jingming made a radical rectification after he took office, so that the speech officials would give up their worries. Yan Hui Shaanxi enthusiasm for local public welfare, not only donations to build righteousness, but also advocate, urge in (Chaoyi) county town west side (now Dali County east 17 kilometers of Chaoyi south stockade) to build a Fengtu Yi storehouse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K252
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本文編號(hào)：1610425