本文選題：1932年　切入點(diǎn)：松花江水災(zāi)　出處：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1932年松花江水災(zāi)是黑龍江近代以來的一次重大自然災(zāi)害，具有持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、波及范圍廣、破壞性大等特點(diǎn)，為松花江自有記錄以來最大的一次洪災(zāi)。 從水災(zāi)的原因看，1932年松花江洪水形成的決定性因素是天氣異常變化導(dǎo)致的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間大面積降雨。同時(shí)，洪水的發(fā)生與其四面環(huán)江、三面環(huán)山的水文和地勢(shì)有著密切的聯(lián)系。過度墾荒與森林資源的大量砍伐，嚴(yán)重地破壞了生態(tài)平衡，從而遭致自然界地報(bào)復(fù)。加之日偽當(dāng)局的漠視與江堤的年久失修等人為原因，造成了1932年松花江水災(zāi)極為嚴(yán)重。 從水災(zāi)的救濟(jì)看，日偽政府雖組建了北滿水災(zāi)中央救濟(jì)委員會(huì)和哈爾濱水災(zāi)非常委員會(huì)及水災(zāi)善后復(fù)興委員會(huì)，但因日偽政府自身的局限性，以及救災(zāi)委員會(huì)是在水災(zāi)之后成立，雖采取了救濟(jì)措施，，但成效并不顯著，有些救濟(jì)措施只是紙上談兵，沒能從根本上緩解災(zāi)民的生存壓力。 從水災(zāi)的影響看，水災(zāi)的發(fā)生直接造成了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的巨大損失。在農(nóng)業(yè)上，洪水沖毀大多數(shù)田地，使糧食減產(chǎn)或絕收，牲畜大量死亡；在工商業(yè)上，洪水淹沒了城市，交通中斷，商品流通緩慢，從而造成了商業(yè)貿(mào)易停滯。而洪水浸濕庫(kù)房存有的商品和加工生產(chǎn)的機(jī)器廠房等設(shè)備，這些都給工商業(yè)造成了極大的損失。水災(zāi)的發(fā)生亦使社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不安，最突出表現(xiàn)是水災(zāi)造成大量無家可歸、四處流浪的災(zāi)民。突如其來的洪水，加上各級(jí)政府排水機(jī)制并沒有完善，水中大量垃圾廢物無法處理，致使疫病時(shí)有發(fā)生，影響民眾的身體健康，甚至失去了生命。在失去了經(jīng)濟(jì)來源，生命得不到保障時(shí)，一些災(zāi)民為生存所迫而淪為匪賊，社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不安。同時(shí)，一些不法商販利用這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)抬高物價(jià)，使災(zāi)民的生活更加困苦不堪。最終，無論是從精神上還是身體上都給民眾帶來了巨大的傷害。
[Abstract]:In 1932, the Songhua River flood was a major natural disaster in Heilongjiang since modern times. It has the characteristics of long duration, wide spread and great destruction. It is the biggest flood disaster in the Songhua River since its own records. From the reason of flood, in 1932, the decisive factor of the formation of Songhua River flood was the long time and large area rainfall caused by the abnormal weather change. At the same time, the occurrence of the flood was similar to that of the surrounding river on all sides. The hydrology and topography around the mountains on the three sides are closely related. Excessive reclamation and extensive deforestation of forest resources have seriously damaged the ecological balance. In addition, due to the neglect of the Japanese authorities and the disrepair of the river dike, the flood of the Songhua River in 1932 was extremely serious. From the perspective of flood relief, although the Japanese and puppet governments set up the Central Relief Committee for the Northern Manchuria Flood, the Harbin Flood Special Committee and the Flood Rehabilitation Committee, but due to the limitations of the Japanese-puppet government itself, The disaster relief committee was set up after the flood. Although the relief measures were taken, the results were not remarkable. Some relief measures were just empty talk and failed to alleviate the survival pressure of the disaster victims fundamentally. Judging from the impact of the flood, the flood directly caused enormous economic losses. In agriculture, the floods washed away most fields, reduced or closed the harvest of grain, and killed a large number of livestock. In industry and commerce, the floods flooded the cities. Traffic was interrupted and the circulation of goods was slow, which led to the stagnation of commercial trade. All of these have caused great losses to industry and commerce. The occurrence of floods has also caused social unrest. The most prominent manifestation is that floods have caused a large number of homeless and homeless victims. The sudden floods have come. In addition, the drainage mechanism of governments at all levels is not perfect, and a large amount of garbage waste in water cannot be disposed of. As a result, epidemic diseases occur from time to time, affecting the health of the people and even losing their lives. When they lose their economic resources and their lives are not guaranteed, Some victims are forced to become bandits and thieves for their survival, and the society is in turmoil. At the same time, some illegal traders take advantage of this opportunity to raise prices and make the lives of the victims even more difficult. Finally, Both mentally and physically, they have done great harm to the public.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K263;P426.616

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