本文選題：1949-1956　切入點(diǎn)：天津　出處：《南開(kāi)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨是工人階級(jí)的政黨，共產(chǎn)黨初期的革命活動(dòng)也曾以開(kāi)展工人運(yùn)動(dòng)為主，但大革命失敗以后，迫于國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)，不得不轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)農(nóng)村二十多年。七屆二中全會(huì)以后，黨的工作重心由鄉(xiāng)村移到城市，依靠工人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)成為城市工作的中心任務(wù)。如何依靠工人？劉少奇提出三個(gè)辦法：“盡可能保障工人的生活水平勿使之過(guò)低”，“深入廣泛地教育工人”，“組織工人”。建國(guó)以后，以此方針為指導(dǎo)，共產(chǎn)黨開(kāi)始對(duì)工人、對(duì)城市進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的社會(huì)改造。 本文以天津工人為中心，利用檔案資料，從社會(huì)史研究視角來(lái)探討建國(guó)初期共產(chǎn)黨是如何組織教育工人，，使工人的生產(chǎn)生活發(fā)生天翻地覆的變化，工人又是如何參與這一過(guò)程，影響自身變遷的。換言之，本文從工人與共產(chǎn)黨互動(dòng)的角度，探討工人變遷過(guò)程中的主體性參與對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨方針政策的影響，再現(xiàn)工人變遷過(guò)程的復(fù)雜性與真實(shí)性，以及共產(chǎn)黨改造社會(huì)的艱難與曲折，進(jìn)而彰顯中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的光輝與偉大。 本文從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)論述工人的變遷過(guò)程。 一、工人的政治生活。工人的政治生活是新中國(guó)新工人的一個(gè)顯著特征，也是共產(chǎn)黨教育工人、組織工人的重要舉措與成果。通過(guò)政治學(xué)習(xí)、政治運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)展，工人舊的個(gè)人關(guān)系網(wǎng)被割裂，新的人際關(guān)系、階級(jí)意識(shí)形成。通過(guò)加入工會(huì)、入團(tuán)入黨，工人被組織起來(lái)，開(kāi)始向新政權(quán)、共產(chǎn)黨靠攏。這就為工人的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)打下了基礎(chǔ)。 二、工人的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)。工廠(chǎng)通過(guò)民主改革，廢除了舊的管理制度，工人開(kāi)始參與工廠(chǎng)管理，這是工人當(dāng)家作主的一個(gè)主要體現(xiàn)，也是工人勞動(dòng)觀念改變、勞動(dòng)競(jìng)賽開(kāi)展的前提。工人勞動(dòng)條件的改善、勞動(dòng)時(shí)間的調(diào)整、勞動(dòng)保護(hù)的加強(qiáng)以及勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律的鞏固也為勞動(dòng)競(jìng)賽做鋪墊。勞動(dòng)競(jìng)賽的開(kāi)展是本章的中心。這是新中國(guó)新工人的又一顯著特征，是工人擁護(hù)共產(chǎn)黨、共產(chǎn)黨引導(dǎo)工人的主要體現(xiàn)。通過(guò)競(jìng)賽，工人傳統(tǒng)的勞動(dòng)觀念改變，“勞動(dòng)光榮”成為主流觀念。 三、工人的物質(zhì)保障。改善工人的物質(zhì)生活是共產(chǎn)黨依靠工人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的途徑之一。工資收入是工人收入的主要來(lái)源，兩次大規(guī)模的工資改革與調(diào)整，廢除了舊的不合理的工資制度，初步貫徹了“按勞取酬”原則，提高了工人的生活水平。福利政策、勞動(dòng)保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)施，又間接增加了工人收入，為工人的生活提供了物質(zhì)保障。 四、工人的文體活動(dòng)。通過(guò)識(shí)字運(yùn)動(dòng)，工人分享受教育的權(quán)利，文化水平大大提高。“為政治，為生產(chǎn)服務(wù)”的文藝方針使得具有政治色彩的文藝活動(dòng)成為工人文藝的主流，但傳統(tǒng)觀念和工人的行動(dòng)選擇又影響著文藝內(nèi)容與形式的調(diào)整。“發(fā)展體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)人民體質(zhì)”是工人體育開(kāi)展的目標(biāo)與方向，同時(shí)，也具有促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的政治取向。廣播體操的開(kāi)展是全民健身的前奏，工人的接受卻經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)并不順暢的過(guò)程。 五、工人的婚姻家庭。《婚姻法》和《憲法》的頒布實(shí)施，為工人婚姻家庭變遷提供了法律依據(jù)。通過(guò)貫徹婚姻法運(yùn)動(dòng)，基本廢除了強(qiáng)迫包辦、男尊女卑的舊婚姻制度，工人中普遍確立了婚姻自由、男女平等、民主和睦的新型婚姻家庭觀念。 總而言之，天津工人通過(guò)共產(chǎn)黨的組織教育，聚攏在共產(chǎn)黨的周?chē)郧八从械臒崆橥渡碛谏a(chǎn)，使共產(chǎn)黨依靠工人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)，工人也經(jīng)歷了新舊更迭中的巨變，成為新中國(guó)的新工人。
[Abstract]:China Communist Party is working-class political party, the Communist Party of the early revolutionary activities had to carry out the labor movement, but after the failure of the great revolution, under the domestic situation, had fought in the countryside for more than 20 years. After the second Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee, the party's work has shifted from the village to the city, relying on the development of production workers become a central task for city work. How to rely on workers? Liu Shaoji proposed three measures: "as far as possible to protect the living standards of workers do not make too low", "extensive education workers", "workers". After the founding of the nation, in order to guide the needle, the Communist Party began to carry out social workers, large-scale transformation of the city.
This paper takes Tianjin as the center of the workers, by making use of archives, to explore from the social history perspective of the founding of the Communist Party is how to organize education workers, which make the production and life of the workers turned upside down, the workers how to participate in this process, the influence of the change of itself. In other words, the workers and the Communist Party of the view of interaction. To explore the subjectivity of the workers in the process of change in influence on the Communist Party policy, workers in the process of changing and reproduce the complexity of reality, and the transformation of the Communist Party of social difficulties and twists and turns, and shows Chinese Communist glory and greatness.
This article discusses the process of workers' change from the following aspects.
A worker's political life. The political life of workers is a prominent feature of the new Chinese new workers, is also the party's education workers, important measures and achievements organization workers. Through political learning, political movement, personal relationship network of old workers are fragmented, interpersonal relationship of class consciousness through the formation. Join the Union, the League to join the party, workers were organized to start to the new regime, the Communist Party. It is closer to productive labor workers laid the foundation.
Two, the production of labor workers. The factory through the democratic reform, the abolition of the old management system, the workers began to participate in the management of the factory, which is a mainly workers in power, but also labor concept change, labor competition. The premise of labor conditions improve, labor time adjustment, strengthen labor protection and labor strengthen discipline also pave the way for labor competition. Labor competition is the core of this chapter. This is another significant feature of the new China new workers, the workers party, the Communist Party mainly guide workers. Through competition, the traditional concept of labor workers, "glorious work" has become the mainstream concept.
Three, workers of material security. Improve the worker's physical life is the way on the Communist Party of the development of production. One of the workers wage income is the main source of income for workers, wage reform and adjustment of two large-scale, the abolition of the old unreasonable salary system, preliminary implementation of the "work" principle, improve the living standards of workers. Welfare policy, the implementation of the labor insurance, and indirectly increase the income of workers, provide material guarantee for the life of the workers.
Four, sports workers. Through the literacy movement, workers to share the right to education, culture level is improved greatly. "In politics, for the production of services" literature and art policy makes political literature has become the mainstream of the workers, but the traditional concept and action selection of workers also affects the content and form of art adjustment. "The development of sports, enhance the people's physique is the goal and direction of sports workers carried out at the same time, also has the political orientation of promoting the development of production. The development of broadcasting gymnastics is a prelude to the national fitness, workers accept but has not been a smooth process.
Five, the marriage law of marriage and family. < > and < > workers the promulgation and implementation of the constitution, provides a legal basis for the workers of marriage and family change. Through the implementation of the marriage law movement, the abolition of the basic force arranged, the old patriarchal marriage system, workers generally established the freedom of marriage, gender equality, democracy and harmony of the new concept of marriage and family.
In short, Tianjin workers through the organization of education of the Communist Party, gathered around the Communist Party, with hitherto unknown passion to join in the production, the development of production workers on the Communist Party to realize the aim. At the same time, the workers also went through great changes and change, become the new workers new China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D412.6;K27

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 郝和國(guó);新中國(guó)掃除文盲運(yùn)動(dòng)[J];黨的文獻(xiàn);2001年02期

2 王思梅;;新中國(guó)第一部《婚姻法》的頒布與實(shí)施[J];黨的文獻(xiàn);2010年03期

3 李增添;;試論建國(guó)初期的技術(shù)革新運(yùn)動(dòng)[J];當(dāng)代中國(guó)史研究;2006年05期

4 田居儉;;把當(dāng)代社會(huì)史提上研究日程[J];當(dāng)代中國(guó)史研究;2007年03期

5 成海軍;;計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期中國(guó)社會(huì)福利制度的歷史考察[J];當(dāng)代中國(guó)史研究;2008年05期

6 佟新;新勞工史研究——從歷史唯物主義、文化主義到解構(gòu)主義[J];國(guó)外社會(huì)科學(xué);2002年02期

7 葉青;;中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)及其特征的歷史考察[J];黨史研究與教學(xué);2010年05期

8 梁麗輝;;民主革命時(shí)期中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨員來(lái)源變動(dòng)分析[J];河南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年02期

9 許蕾;政治運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)員機(jī)制——以“三反”運(yùn)動(dòng)為個(gè)案[J];華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年04期

10 王俊,胡蓉,蘇春燕,馬震越;國(guó)有企業(yè)工人的階層地位自我認(rèn)同研究[J];理論月刊;2003年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李亞雄;國(guó)有企業(yè)制度變遷：從政企合一到分離[D];華中師范大學(xué);2005年

2 吳清軍;國(guó)企改制與傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的轉(zhuǎn)型[D];清華大學(xué);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 陳柳青;天津工人經(jīng)濟(jì)收入與生活狀況考察（1930-1956）[D];天津大學(xué);2009年

2 韓沙;論河北省抗美援朝運(yùn)動(dòng)中的民眾動(dòng)員[D];中共中央黨校;2010年

3 鮑靜;建國(guó)初期基層工會(huì)職能轉(zhuǎn)變研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2010年

4 王麗麗;民國(guó)時(shí)期天津工廠(chǎng)女工研究[D];河北大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：1586950