本文選題：1949-1956　切入點：天津　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國共產(chǎn)黨是工人階級的政黨，共產(chǎn)黨初期的革命活動也曾以開展工人運動為主，但大革命失敗以后，迫于國內(nèi)形勢，不得不轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)農(nóng)村二十多年。七屆二中全會以后，黨的工作重心由鄉(xiāng)村移到城市，依靠工人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)成為城市工作的中心任務(wù)。如何依靠工人？劉少奇提出三個辦法：“盡可能保障工人的生活水平勿使之過低”，“深入廣泛地教育工人”，“組織工人”。建國以后，以此方針為指導(dǎo)，共產(chǎn)黨開始對工人、對城市進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的社會改造。 本文以天津工人為中心，利用檔案資料，從社會史研究視角來探討建國初期共產(chǎn)黨是如何組織教育工人，，使工人的生產(chǎn)生活發(fā)生天翻地覆的變化，工人又是如何參與這一過程，影響自身變遷的。換言之，本文從工人與共產(chǎn)黨互動的角度，探討工人變遷過程中的主體性參與對共產(chǎn)黨方針政策的影響，再現(xiàn)工人變遷過程的復(fù)雜性與真實性，以及共產(chǎn)黨改造社會的艱難與曲折，進(jìn)而彰顯中國共產(chǎn)黨的光輝與偉大。 本文從以下幾個方面來論述工人的變遷過程。 一、工人的政治生活。工人的政治生活是新中國新工人的一個顯著特征，也是共產(chǎn)黨教育工人、組織工人的重要舉措與成果。通過政治學(xué)習(xí)、政治運動的開展，工人舊的個人關(guān)系網(wǎng)被割裂，新的人際關(guān)系、階級意識形成。通過加入工會、入團(tuán)入黨，工人被組織起來，開始向新政權(quán)、共產(chǎn)黨靠攏。這就為工人的生產(chǎn)勞動打下了基礎(chǔ)。 二、工人的生產(chǎn)勞動。工廠通過民主改革，廢除了舊的管理制度，工人開始參與工廠管理，這是工人當(dāng)家作主的一個主要體現(xiàn)，也是工人勞動觀念改變、勞動競賽開展的前提。工人勞動條件的改善、勞動時間的調(diào)整、勞動保護(hù)的加強以及勞動紀(jì)律的鞏固也為勞動競賽做鋪墊。勞動競賽的開展是本章的中心。這是新中國新工人的又一顯著特征，是工人擁護(hù)共產(chǎn)黨、共產(chǎn)黨引導(dǎo)工人的主要體現(xiàn)。通過競賽，工人傳統(tǒng)的勞動觀念改變，“勞動光榮”成為主流觀念。 三、工人的物質(zhì)保障。改善工人的物質(zhì)生活是共產(chǎn)黨依靠工人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的途徑之一。工資收入是工人收入的主要來源，兩次大規(guī)模的工資改革與調(diào)整，廢除了舊的不合理的工資制度，初步貫徹了“按勞取酬”原則，提高了工人的生活水平。福利政策、勞動保險的實施，又間接增加了工人收入，為工人的生活提供了物質(zhì)保障。 四、工人的文體活動。通過識字運動，工人分享受教育的權(quán)利，文化水平大大提高�！盀檎�，為生產(chǎn)服務(wù)”的文藝方針使得具有政治色彩的文藝活動成為工人文藝的主流，但傳統(tǒng)觀念和工人的行動選擇又影響著文藝內(nèi)容與形式的調(diào)整�！鞍l(fā)展體育運動，增強人民體質(zhì)”是工人體育開展的目標(biāo)與方向，同時，也具有促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的政治取向。廣播體操的開展是全民健身的前奏，工人的接受卻經(jīng)歷了一個并不順暢的過程。 五、工人的婚姻家庭�！痘橐龇ā泛汀稇椃ā返念C布實施，為工人婚姻家庭變遷提供了法律依據(jù)。通過貫徹婚姻法運動，基本廢除了強迫包辦、男尊女卑的舊婚姻制度，工人中普遍確立了婚姻自由、男女平等、民主和睦的新型婚姻家庭觀念。 總而言之，天津工人通過共產(chǎn)黨的組織教育，聚攏在共產(chǎn)黨的周圍，以前所未有的熱情投身于生產(chǎn)，使共產(chǎn)黨依靠工人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的目標(biāo)得以實現(xiàn)。同時，工人也經(jīng)歷了新舊更迭中的巨變，成為新中國的新工人。
[Abstract]:China Communist Party is working-class political party, the Communist Party of the early revolutionary activities had to carry out the labor movement, but after the failure of the great revolution, under the domestic situation, had fought in the countryside for more than 20 years. After the second Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee, the party's work has shifted from the village to the city, relying on the development of production workers become a central task for city work. How to rely on workers? Liu Shaoji proposed three measures: "as far as possible to protect the living standards of workers do not make too low", "extensive education workers", "workers". After the founding of the nation, in order to guide the needle, the Communist Party began to carry out social workers, large-scale transformation of the city.
This paper takes Tianjin as the center of the workers, by making use of archives, to explore from the social history perspective of the founding of the Communist Party is how to organize education workers, which make the production and life of the workers turned upside down, the workers how to participate in this process, the influence of the change of itself. In other words, the workers and the Communist Party of the view of interaction. To explore the subjectivity of the workers in the process of change in influence on the Communist Party policy, workers in the process of changing and reproduce the complexity of reality, and the transformation of the Communist Party of social difficulties and twists and turns, and shows Chinese Communist glory and greatness.
This article discusses the process of workers' change from the following aspects.
A worker's political life. The political life of workers is a prominent feature of the new Chinese new workers, is also the party's education workers, important measures and achievements organization workers. Through political learning, political movement, personal relationship network of old workers are fragmented, interpersonal relationship of class consciousness through the formation. Join the Union, the League to join the party, workers were organized to start to the new regime, the Communist Party. It is closer to productive labor workers laid the foundation.
Two, the production of labor workers. The factory through the democratic reform, the abolition of the old management system, the workers began to participate in the management of the factory, which is a mainly workers in power, but also labor concept change, labor competition. The premise of labor conditions improve, labor time adjustment, strengthen labor protection and labor strengthen discipline also pave the way for labor competition. Labor competition is the core of this chapter. This is another significant feature of the new China new workers, the workers party, the Communist Party mainly guide workers. Through competition, the traditional concept of labor workers, "glorious work" has become the mainstream concept.
Three, workers of material security. Improve the worker's physical life is the way on the Communist Party of the development of production. One of the workers wage income is the main source of income for workers, wage reform and adjustment of two large-scale, the abolition of the old unreasonable salary system, preliminary implementation of the "work" principle, improve the living standards of workers. Welfare policy, the implementation of the labor insurance, and indirectly increase the income of workers, provide material guarantee for the life of the workers.
Four, sports workers. Through the literacy movement, workers to share the right to education, culture level is improved greatly. "In politics, for the production of services" literature and art policy makes political literature has become the mainstream of the workers, but the traditional concept and action selection of workers also affects the content and form of art adjustment. "The development of sports, enhance the people's physique is the goal and direction of sports workers carried out at the same time, also has the political orientation of promoting the development of production. The development of broadcasting gymnastics is a prelude to the national fitness, workers accept but has not been a smooth process.
Five, the marriage law of marriage and family. < > and < > workers the promulgation and implementation of the constitution, provides a legal basis for the workers of marriage and family change. Through the implementation of the marriage law movement, the abolition of the basic force arranged, the old patriarchal marriage system, workers generally established the freedom of marriage, gender equality, democracy and harmony of the new concept of marriage and family.
In short, Tianjin workers through the organization of education of the Communist Party, gathered around the Communist Party, with hitherto unknown passion to join in the production, the development of production workers on the Communist Party to realize the aim. At the same time, the workers also went through great changes and change, become the new workers new China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D412.6;K27

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