本文選題：清末　切入點：國粹運動　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)末,中國在甲午戰(zhàn)爭當(dāng)中慘敗,很多有識之士為了尋求擺脫民族危機(jī)的策略,紛紛留學(xué)日本。在不斷的學(xué)習(xí)、探討當(dāng)中,很多中國留日學(xué)生把日本國粹主義思想傳播到了中國。隨著日本國粹主義思潮的傳入,具有深厚學(xué)術(shù)功底的清末國粹派學(xué)者群體逐漸形成。清末國粹運動是在很多重要條件的推動下產(chǎn)生的。這些重要條件主要包括以下幾個方面:第一,當(dāng)時,國粹派學(xué)者提出的通過弘揚國粹來調(diào)動國人的民族主義情感的理念對于挽救民族危亡有著很大積極意義;第二,國粹派的“排滿革命”理念順應(yīng)了當(dāng)時新興資產(chǎn)階級革命的形勢;第三,清政府的社會控制力嚴(yán)重不足,為當(dāng)時的中國營造了相對寬松的思想氛圍;第四,清末國粹派學(xué)者具有高度的“文化自覺”意識,推動了清末國粹運動的逐步開展;第五,國粹派對維新派不斷駁斥,增強(qiáng)了這一派別的學(xué)術(shù)競爭力,有效地推動了國粹運動的開展;第六,國粹派學(xué)者十分希望中國本土的國學(xué)研究能夠進(jìn)一步抗衡國外漢學(xué)界,這種強(qiáng)烈的競爭意識也推動了國粹運動的產(chǎn)生;第七,清末,中國古代的一系列新史料的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步推動了國粹派學(xué)者對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的研究與討論。在一系列有利條件的推動之下,清末國粹運動成為了一場風(fēng)行大江南北的思想文化運動。具體來看,清末國粹運動的興盛體現(xiàn)在多個方面,主要包括:一、國粹運動參與群體的壯大;二、宣傳國粹主義思想的報刊和社會組織的不斷發(fā)展;三、關(guān)于國粹主義思想的論著豐富;四、傳統(tǒng)典籍收集整理工作的大規(guī)模開展。辛亥革命勝利前后,曾經(jīng)風(fēng)行一時的國粹運動開開始逐步呈現(xiàn)出衰竭之勢。具體來看,清末國粹運動的衰竭主要原因體現(xiàn)在以下四個方面:第一,清末國粹派學(xué)者自身在學(xué)術(shù)上的局限性使得致這場運動走向衰竭;第二,國粹派的復(fù)古主義傾向使得國粹運動的進(jìn)步性大打折扣。第三,滿清政府的推翻使得很多國粹派“功成身退”,民國成立之后的一系列政治變局進(jìn)一步降低了國粹派的政治熱情。第四,國粹派群體日漸分崩離析,進(jìn)一步加速了清末國粹運動的衰竭。清末國粹運動的影響是十分廣泛的。就積極影響來看,清末國粹派為當(dāng)時資產(chǎn)階級反清革命活動提供了充分的輿論支持;維護(hù)了中國傳統(tǒng)文化的形象與地位;推動了國學(xué)學(xué)科體系的近代化;傳播了一些進(jìn)步思想觀念;打破了官學(xué)(即孔學(xué))的獨尊地位,豐富了國學(xué)的研究內(nèi)容;有力地推動了民國時期“整理國故”工作的開展。就消極影響來看,國粹派的大漢族主義思想分散了當(dāng)時國內(nèi)各民族在抵抗列強(qiáng)侵略上的凝聚力;國粹派過分夸大國粹的作用,對西學(xué)的傳播形成了很大的阻礙。當(dāng)前,為了更好地推動傳統(tǒng)文化建設(shè)工作的開展,我們應(yīng)該充分借鑒清末國粹運動的經(jīng)驗:努力維護(hù)中國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化;重視批判、反思中國傳統(tǒng)文化;正確處理中國傳統(tǒng)文化與西方文化之間的關(guān)系;進(jìn)一步推動中國傳統(tǒng)文化的現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型;正確處理傳統(tǒng)文化研究過程當(dāng)中的學(xué)術(shù)求真與致用之間的關(guān)系;重視傳統(tǒng)文化研究者學(xué)術(shù)自主意識的培養(yǎng)。在吸取相關(guān)歷史經(jīng)驗的同時,我們還應(yīng)該認(rèn)真吸取清末國粹運動的歷史教訓(xùn):我們應(yīng)該不斷進(jìn)取,不能因為已經(jīng)取得的某些成就而停止努力;努力維護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化建設(shè)人才的團(tuán)結(jié)一致;不斷完善與傳統(tǒng)文化建設(shè)相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)理論,努力改正學(xué)術(shù)理論上的缺點;努力消除傳統(tǒng)文化建設(shè)過程當(dāng)中的復(fù)古潮流;對少數(shù)民族予以充分的尊重,充分發(fā)掘少數(shù)民族的傳統(tǒng)文化資源,反對狹隘的民族主義思想。
[Abstract]:At the end of nineteenth Century, Chinese defeat in the Sino Japanese War, many a person with breadth of vision seeking to escape the national crisis strategy, have studied in Japan. In continuous learning, many students Chinese Japanese ideas spread to Japan. Chinese with the quintessence of Marxism thought, has a profound academic foundation of the quintessence of Chinese culture scholar the group has gradually formed the quintessence of Chinese culture is to promote the movement in the late Qing Dynasty. In many important conditions. These conditions include the following aspects: first, at that time, the quintessence of scholars by Chinese people carry forward the quintessence to mobilize nationalist ideas have great positive significance to save the nation from peril; second, the quintessence of school "full revolution" with the idea of the emerging bourgeois revolution situation; third, social control of the Qing government was in serious shortage The state made a relatively relaxed atmosphere of thought; fourth, in the late Qing Dynasty scholar is highly the quintessence of "cultural consciousness", promote the quintessence of Chinese culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty gradually carry out; fifth, Chinese party reformers continue to refute, enhanced the factions of the academic competition, effectively promote the national sport development; sixth, the quintessence of Chinese culture very much hope that scholars can further research China Ancient Chinese Literature Search local rival foreign Sinology, the strong sense of competition also promoted the national sport production; seventh, the late Qing Dynasty, ancient China a series of new materials is to further promote the research and discussion of scholars of the quintessence of traditional culture. Chinese promotion in a series of favorable conditions the quintessence of movement in the late Qing Dynasty became a popular culture on both sides of the Changjiang River movement. Specifically, the prosperity of national sport in the late Qing Dynasty is reflected in many aspects, including: A group involved in the national sport and growth; two, the development of publicity ideas newspapers and social organizations; on the three, the quintessence of Marxism thought works; four, to carry out large-scale classics collection work. Before and after the victory of the revolution, once for a movement to start gradually showing the quintessence of failure potential. Specifically, the main reason of the failure of the quintessence of Chinese culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty reflected in the following four aspects: first, the quintessence of scholars in the academic self limitation caused by making this movement toward failure; second, China sent pure revivalist tendency makes progress of national sport greatly. Third, which overthrew the Qing Dynasty a lot of the quintessence of Chinese culture ", a series of political upheavals retire after winning merit" after the Republic of China was founded to further reduce the political enthusiasm of the quintessence of Chinese culture. Fourth, the quintessence of Chinese culture gradually fall apart into groups. Step up the quintessence of movement in the late Qing Dynasty failure. The influence of the quintessence of Chinese culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty is very extensive. As a positive influence, the national quintessence school provides sufficient public support for the bourgeois anti Qing revolutionary activities; to maintain the image and status of traditional culture China; promote the modernization of the discipline system Ancient Chinese Literature Search spread; some progress of ideas; break the official (i.e. Confucianism domination), enrich the research content Ancient Chinese Literature Search; a strong impetus to the period of the Republic of China "sort out the work. The negative impact, the quintessence of Chinese culture Han chauvinism thoughts scattered at home and all ethnic groups in the aggression on the cohesion of resistance the quintessence of Chinese culture; exaggerate the quintessence of role, formed a great obstacle to the spread of Western learning. At present, in order to better promote the traditional cultural construction work, we should fully learn from in the late Qing Dynasty National sport experience: to maintain Chinese excellent traditional culture; value criticism, reflection China traditional culture; China correctly handle the relationship between traditional culture and Western culture; to further promote the modernization of traditional culture Chinese transformation; deal with the relationship between the research process of the academic truth and practice between the right of traditional culture; attach great importance to the cultivation of traditional culture research academic consciousness. Draw on the relevant historical experience at the same time, we should earnestly learn the lessons of history culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty: should we continue to forge ahead, not because of some achievement and stop trying to maintain the traditional culture; construction talents solidarity; constantly improve the relevant academic theory and traditional culture construction, efforts correct academic shortcomings; efforts to eliminate the process of traditional culture construction of the retro trend of minority to be; Fully respect, fully excavate the traditional cultural resources of the ethnic minorities, and oppose the narrow nationalist ideology.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K252

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