本文選題：彗星　切入點(diǎn)：天道信仰　出處：《復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2017年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：災(zāi)異論的彗星解釋是古代中國天道信仰的重要表現(xiàn)形式。在這種思想傳統(tǒng)中,彗星被認(rèn)為是神圣存在對(duì)人世道德狀態(tài)的譴責(zé)和告誡,這種觀念在很長的歲月中被反復(fù)記載、閱讀和闡釋,并產(chǎn)生了相應(yīng)的實(shí)踐,維持并鞏固了彗星與災(zāi)難的關(guān)聯(lián)。災(zāi)異論的彗星解釋作為一種世界觀和宗教信條,在不同程度上促使人們尤其是統(tǒng)治者祈禱、懺悔、改過遷善,具備道德維系的功能。然而,晚清基督徒傳入的以牛頓學(xué)說和哈雷學(xué)說為基礎(chǔ)的彗星解釋認(rèn)為,彗星自有固定軌道,與人世行為無關(guān),不應(yīng)被看作天對(duì)人世行為的譴告,因而并不具備道德監(jiān)察和道德維系的功能�；阱缧堑目茖W(xué)解釋更強(qiáng)的說服力,以及西方科學(xué)在近代中國積累起來的話語權(quán),彗星的科學(xué)解釋對(duì)災(zāi)異論的彗星解釋取得了最終的勝利,清廷和大量知識(shí)分子最終放棄了災(zāi)異論的彗星解釋。但這意味著需要同時(shí)放棄其道德維系的功能,天道信仰也會(huì)喪失其表現(xiàn)形式。有的知識(shí)分子因惋惜其道德維系功能而力圖維護(hù)災(zāi)異論的彗星解釋,有的則在放棄災(zāi)異論的前提下力圖維持天道信仰。但因證據(jù)缺失、邏輯不自洽,兩種回應(yīng)方案都難以奏效。這種進(jìn)退失據(jù)的窘境反映出宇宙祛魅給中國的天道信仰傳統(tǒng)造成了巨大難題。新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)中的"代宗教"說、現(xiàn)代新儒家重講"天人之際",都是對(duì)這一難題的不同回應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The comet interpretation of the catastrophe theory is an important manifestation of the belief in the Tao of Heaven in ancient China. In this tradition of thinking, the comet is regarded as a sacred being denouncing and admonishing the moral state of the world, a concept that has been repeatedly recorded for a long time. Reading and interpreting, and producing corresponding practices, maintain and consolidate the link between comets and catastrophes. As a world view and religious credo, the comet interpretation of the catastrophe theory has in varying degrees prompted people, especially the rulers, to pray and repent. The comet, which was introduced by Christians in the late Qing Dynasty on the basis of Newton's and Halley's theories, explained that comets had a fixed orbit and had nothing to do with human behavior. It should not be seen as a condemnation of human behavior, and therefore does not have the function of moral supervision and moral maintenance. The scientific explanation based on comets is more persuasive, and the right of voice accumulated by Western science in modern China. The scientific interpretation of comets won the ultimate victory over the comet interpretation of the catastrophe theory, and the Qing government and a large number of intellectuals finally abandoned the comet interpretation of the catastrophe theory. But this meant that it was necessary to give up the function of moral maintenance at the same time. Some intellectuals try to preserve the comet interpretation of the catastrophe theory because they regret its moral maintenance function, while others try to maintain the belief in the Tao of nature without the theory of disaster diversity. But because of the lack of evidence, Logic is inconsistent, and neither of the responses will work. This disenchantment reflects how the disenchantment of the universe has created a huge problem for the Chinese tradition of heavenly faith. The New Culture Movement's "generation religion" says, Modern Neo-Confucianism 's emphasis on the "time of Heaven and Man" is a different response to this problem.
【作者單位】： 上海師范大學(xué)歷史學(xué)系;
【基金】：國家社科基金后期資助項(xiàng)目“天變道亦變:中國宗教的衰落(1833~1911)”(項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)號(hào):117FZS065)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：B933;K252
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本文編號(hào)：1560304