本文關(guān)鍵詞： “三八”婦女節(jié) 國民黨 解放 塑造　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以1924年到1945年間的國民黨主導(dǎo)下的國際婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念活動為中心,研究國民黨主導(dǎo)三八婦女節(jié)活動的具體運作過程,并從中了解國民黨在對于婦女運動的潛移默化的滲透,以樹立黨和國家的權(quán)威。“三八”婦女節(jié)來源于19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初西方民眾爭取權(quán)利而舉行的罷工斗爭,傳入中國是在國民革命時期,正值第一次國共合作時期。1924年-1927年國民黨主導(dǎo)的婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念活動,為了吸引婦女對國民的同情以及對國民革命的支持,婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念活動的主調(diào),轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐試顸h政治綱領(lǐng)為依托,將婦女解放與參與國民革命聯(lián)結(jié)在一起,號召婦女要得到解放必須通過實際行動參加革命,打倒帝國主義和軍閥,支持國民革命,才能完成婦女解放的目標(biāo)。南京國民政府的成立,并且在形式上實現(xiàn)了國家的統(tǒng)一,國民黨掌握了國家機器,為了鞏固國家的發(fā)展,曾經(jīng)蓬勃發(fā)展的民眾運動被納入到自己控制范圍內(nèi),婦女群眾運動力量被限制在國民黨能夠容忍的范圍內(nèi),而不至于影響甚至動搖其統(tǒng)治。1928-1937年間婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念活動,國民黨對婦女的政策內(nèi)涵,主要是培養(yǎng)“母性”,但是國民黨要培養(yǎng)的婦女并不只是宜室宜家的賢妻良母,而是“入可治理家事,出可服務(wù)社會”的時代新女性。在活動紀(jì)念中強調(diào)婦女應(yīng)該和男子一樣盡國民應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)和責(zé)任,把這些婦女塑造為國家所需要的健全的國民。國民黨在節(jié)日當(dāng)天對婦女進行直接的政治教育,讓婦女意識到自身對于國家崛起、民族復(fù)興需要承擔(dān)的責(zé)任�？箲�(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,抗日救國成了抗戰(zhàn)時期婦女節(jié)的主題,因此婦女節(jié)所體現(xiàn)的革命性、政治性再次突顯。在1937-1945年間的婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念活動宣傳上,國民黨希望塑造的婦女形象是雙重的。一方面婦女被塑造成與男性一樣的革命戰(zhàn)士,與男性一起承擔(dān)作為國民的義務(wù),另一方面在婦女節(jié)上動員婦女過程中,國民黨再次強調(diào)婦女“賢妻良母”的特質(zhì),說服女性扮演好“賢妻良母”的角色,婦女依然要擔(dān)當(dāng)著傳統(tǒng)家庭賢妻良母的角色。國民黨掌控婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念活動,作為表達其政治利益訴求的重要內(nèi)容,以國家民族利益為導(dǎo)向,將婦女力量變成為其爭取國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)、建國、抵抗侵略等活動的支持力量,婦女節(jié)紀(jì)念主題伴隨國民黨統(tǒng)治各時期的政治目標(biāo)而改變。國民黨透過紀(jì)念活動對婦女進行政治教育,并把婦女塑造成為符合國家需要的女性,展現(xiàn)了國民黨在紀(jì)念活動背后顯示的分歧與困境。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the International International Working Women's Day Memorial activities under the leadership of the Kuomintang from 1924 to 1945, and studies the concrete operation process of the KMT's activities leading to the March 8 International Working Women's Day movement, and from this, it finds out the imperceptible infiltration of the KMT to the women's movement. In order to establish the authority of the Party and the state, "8 March" International Working Women's Day originated from the strike struggle for the rights of the western people held in late 19th century and early 20th century, which was introduced into China during the period of the National Revolution. During the first period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. From 1924 to 1927, the KMT led the commemoration of International Working Women's Day. In order to attract women's sympathy for the people and support for the national revolution, International Working Women's Day's commemorative activities were the main theme. The transformation was based on the Kuomintang's political platform, linking the emancipation of women with their participation in the national revolution and calling on women to participate in the revolution through practical action to overthrow imperialism and warlords and to support the national revolution if they wanted to be liberated. In order to achieve the goal of women's liberation, the establishment of the Nanjing National Government and the formal reunification of the country, the Kuomintang took control of the national machinery in order to consolidate the country's development. Once thriving popular movements were brought under their control, and women's mass movements were confined to the limits that the KMT could tolerate, without affecting or even destabilizing International Working Women's Day's commemorative activities during the period from 1928 to 1937. The connotation of the KMT's policy towards women is mainly to cultivate "motherhood," but the women to be cultivated by the KMT are not only good wives and good mothers of IKEA, but "can manage family affairs." New women in the era of service to society... in commemoration of the event, it was emphasized that women should perform the duties and responsibilities of their citizens as well as those of men, To portray these women as the sound citizens needed by the country. The Kuomintang carried out direct political education for women on the holiday day to make women aware of their responsibility for the rise of the country and the national rejuvenation. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, During the War of Resistance against Japan, saving the nation became the theme of International Working Women's Day. Therefore, the revolutionary and political features embodied by International Working Women's Day were once again highlighted. The image of women that the Kuomintang wants to create is twofold. On the one hand, women are portrayed as revolutionary fighters like men, and together with men they assume the duty of being a nation; on the other hand, in the process of mobilizing women on International Working Women's Day, The KMT once again stressed the nature of women's "good wives and good mothers," and persuaded women to play the role of "good wives and good mothers." Women still had to play the role of good wives and good mothers of traditional families. As an important part of expressing their political interests, and guided by the interests of the nation and the nation, the women's power will be turned into a supporting force for them to fight for national leadership, to establish a state, to resist aggression, and so on. The theme of International Working Women's Day's commemoration was changed along with the political objectives of the various periods of Kuomintang rule. The Kuomintang carried out political education for women through commemorative activities and shaped women into women who were in line with the needs of the country. Show the Kuomintang behind the memorial activities show differences and difficulties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K26;C913.68

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