本文關(guān)鍵詞： 近代 興安盟地區(qū) 土地問題　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文要論述的興安盟地區(qū)主指清代哲里木盟科爾沁右翼前、中、后三旗和扎賚特旗。其大致地域包括今興安盟全境、吉林省白城市全部(即洮北區(qū)、大安市、洮南市、鎮(zhèn)賚縣、通榆縣)、黑龍江省龍江縣景星鎮(zhèn)、泰來縣大部。文中近代指晚清至解放戰(zhàn)爭這一段時間。 論文首次較系統(tǒng)利用日文史料和區(qū)、盟、旗三級檔案,梳理興安盟地區(qū)清末民初開墾、日本侵占時期的土地調(diào)整和解放戰(zhàn)爭期間的土地改革全過程。對該地區(qū)近百年人口、產(chǎn)業(yè)和土地關(guān)系變遷作連續(xù)觀察,分析總結(jié)由此產(chǎn)生的土地諸問題。 全文由前言、正文、結(jié)語、參考文獻(xiàn)、附錄五個部分組成。前言介紹選題目的意義、前人研究概況、主要史料、研究方法和主要突破等。結(jié)語總結(jié)全文,提出自己的觀點。 第一章：根據(jù)扎薩克的旗內(nèi)領(lǐng)主權(quán)和清朝最高土地處置權(quán)的表達(dá)方式,提出旗地所有權(quán)的模糊特點與總有性質(zhì)。對清代哲里木盟各旗內(nèi)部社會組織進(jìn)行分析后得出努圖克所分領(lǐng)的牧場(即小領(lǐng)地)是旗內(nèi)主要土地形態(tài)的結(jié)論,并列舉了部分特殊土地形態(tài)。 第二章：梳理清末私墾、官墾與設(shè)治過程。官墾中,一方面否定了外旗私墾移民已經(jīng)擁有的土地權(quán)利,另一方面對原住旗民酌留生計地。本章還探討了漢族移民的價領(lǐng)土地程序和村落化情況。 第三章：民國初期,四旗境內(nèi)繼續(xù)開墾,設(shè)治日趨完善。與此同時,原住旗民轉(zhuǎn)讓放墾設(shè)治地區(qū)的生計地、留界地后,紛紛遷入旗北部進(jìn)行私墾,初步形成租佃、雇傭關(guān)系。本章對四旗設(shè)立的地局和征收蒙租情況分析后得出蒙租占當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民全年收入2%的結(jié)論。 第四章：日偽當(dāng)局對蒙地政策進(jìn)行調(diào)整,完成“蒙地奉上”,并在四旗內(nèi)進(jìn)行掠奪性土地經(jīng)營。重點總結(jié)由此形成的復(fù)雜土地形態(tài)和占有問題,提出大土地小農(nóng)式經(jīng)營觀點。 第五章：中共中央頒布“五四指示”后,中共中央東北局從國內(nèi)局勢和東部內(nèi)蒙古特殊情況出發(fā),制定并執(zhí)行反蔣民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線政策。其主要內(nèi)容是：政治上清算蒙奸、惡霸、土匪、蔣特,經(jīng)濟(jì)上推行以調(diào)劑土地使用權(quán)為目的的互助運(yùn)動。1947年8月,落實中共中央“五四指示”精神,開始進(jìn)行全面清算分地。 第六章：1947年11月,興安盟召開群眾工作作會議,決定基本執(zhí)行《中國土地法大綱》規(guī)定的消滅封建、平分土地精神。盡管制定和修改了部分“補(bǔ)充辦法”,均未獲批準(zhǔn),也未執(zhí)行。各地跟進(jìn)外地經(jīng)驗,在短暫三月內(nèi)完成平分土地,產(chǎn)生了不少問題。按著中共中央、東北局指示進(jìn)行重劃階級縮小打擊面,并從9月開始全面糾偏補(bǔ)償。以往研究中多引用各種版本的“補(bǔ)充辦法”和哈爾濱會議相關(guān)報告作肯定評價,本文對此提出異議,并舉證否定。 附錄由四個部分組成。主要是各種版本的所謂“補(bǔ)充辦法”原文以及烏蘭夫在哈爾濱干部會議上的報告提綱和高崗講話中經(jīng)常被引用的主要條款。
[Abstract]:The main points of this paper are: before, middle and back three banners of Horqin right flank and Zhalai Special Banner in Chellimu League in Qing Dynasty. The general regions include the whole territory of XingUNITA and all the cities of Baicheng in Jilin Province (that is, Taobei District, Da'an City, Taonan City, Zhenlai County). Tongyu County, Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province Jingxing Town, Tailai County, most of the text refers to the period of the late Qing Dynasty to the War of Liberation. For the first time, the paper systematically uses Japanese historical data and historical data, league and flag archives to sort out the whole process of land adjustment and land reform during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China in XingUNITA area, and the land reform in the period of the War of Liberation. The changes of industry and land relations are observed continuously, and the land problems arising therefrom are analyzed and summarized. The paper consists of five parts: foreword, text, conclusion, reference and appendix. The preface introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, the general situation of previous studies, the main historical data, the research methods and the main breakthroughs. The conclusion summarizes the full text and puts forward its own views. Chapter one: according to the expression of Zasak's internal sovereignty and the highest land disposal power in the Qing Dynasty, Based on the analysis of the social organizations inside the flag of the Chellimu League in the Qing Dynasty, it is concluded that the pasture (that is, the small territory) of Nutuk is the main land form in the flag. Some special land forms are listed. Chapter two: combing the process of private reclamation, official reclamation and administration in the late Qing Dynasty. In the process of official reclamation, on the one hand, it negates the land rights already owned by immigrants from the foreign flag. On the other hand, this chapter also discusses the procedure of land price and the situation of villagization of Han nationality immigrants. Chapter three: in the early period of the Republic of China, the land within the four banners continued to be reclaimed, and the establishment and administration became more and more perfect. At the same time, the original residents of the flag transferred the livelihood areas of the areas where the land was reclaimed and set aside the land, and one after another moved to the northern part of the flag for private reclamation, thus initially forming a tenancy. This chapter analyzes the land bureau set up by the four banners and the situation of the collection of Mongolian rent and draws the conclusion that Mongolian rent accounts for 2% of the annual income of local farmers. Chapter 4th: the Japanese and puppet authorities adjust the policy of the Mongolian land, complete the "offering of the Mongolian land", and conduct predatory land management in the four banners. The paper summarizes the complex land form and the problem of occupation, and puts forward the viewpoint of the management of large land and small farmers. Chapter 5th: after the promulgation of the May 4th Directive by the CPC Central Committee, the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee formulated and implemented a United front policy against Chiang Kai-shek from the perspective of the domestic situation and the special conditions of Inner Mongolia in the east. Bullies, bandits, and Chiang Tei, economically promoting a mutual aid movement aimed at regulating land use rights. In August 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China implemented the spirit of the May 4th Directive and began to carry out a comprehensive settlement of land allocation. Chapter 6th: in November 1947, XingUNITA convened a meeting of the masses and decided to basically implement the provisions of the outline of the Chinese Land Law to eliminate feudalism and divide the land equally. Despite the formulation and revision of some of the Supplementary measures, none of them was approved. It was also not carried out. All localities followed up on the experience of other countries, and in a short period of March, they completed the equal distribution of land, which created many problems. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Northeast Bureau, the class was reclassified to reduce the impact. Since September, the compensation has been completely rectified. In the past studies, various versions of "supplementary methods" and reports of Harbin Conference were cited for positive evaluation. This paper disagrees with this, and proves that it is negative. The appendix is composed of four parts. It is mainly the original text of various versions of the so-called "supplementary measures" and the main clauses frequently cited by Ulanhu in the outline of the report at the Harbin cadres' Conference and the speech by Gao Gang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25;F321.1

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本文編號：1519796