本文關(guān)鍵詞： 商務(wù)印書館 中華書局 文人 企業(yè)　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：晚清國內(nèi)的出版業(yè)主要集中于教會和官書局,舊式書業(yè)雖在出版西書、通俗文學(xué)方面有所發(fā)展,但仍舊保持著傳統(tǒng)的書業(yè)模式。甲午戰(zhàn)敗,國人震驚,尤其是開明的官僚、士紳及各地讀書人,他們倡言革新、傳播新學(xué)。戊戌之間,出現(xiàn)許多以出版西學(xué)、時務(wù)書籍的新書局,它們成為近代民營出版業(yè)的重要組成部分。商務(wù)印書館是其中最成功的例子,它成功地將西方的近代企業(yè)制度與知識人的學(xué)識和人際關(guān)系相結(jié)合,成為清末國內(nèi)最大的民營出版機構(gòu)。 民國元年,商務(wù)印書館遇到了第一個必須正視的競爭者——中華書局。中華書局成功地抓住政體變更的機遇,迅速推出適合革命后潮流的教科書,建立經(jīng)銷網(wǎng)絡(luò),在教科書、普通圖書、雜志、印刷等各個方面與商務(wù)進行競爭。商務(wù)以其原創(chuàng)性的選題、雄厚的資本、編輯力量始終穩(wěn)居第一。但中華汲取商務(wù)的成功經(jīng)驗并加以創(chuàng)新,占據(jù)了相當(dāng)一部分的市場份額。這個過程自有其獨特之處,它將企業(yè)的盈利性與知識分子的文化關(guān)懷相互雜糅。兩家雖然彼此對立,其文化關(guān)懷都指向“救國”。立憲、共和,科技、文學(xué)……飽含著近代化的思想隨著兩家的銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)流轉(zhuǎn)全國。 1917年,中華因擴展過快導(dǎo)致資金周轉(zhuǎn)失靈,不得已和商務(wù)進行了長達一年漫長而艱難的談判。商務(wù)因過度慎重而猶豫不決,中華認(rèn)為商務(wù)開出的條件過于苛刻,兩家合并的談判無言而終。之后,中華收回自辦,經(jīng)過約一年的整頓,1920年經(jīng)營情形開始好轉(zhuǎn)。之后,兩家書局一起投入新文化運動的浪潮中。 從舊式書業(yè)到教會出版機構(gòu)、官書局,再到商務(wù)、中華,進而五四之后世界、大東、開明等書局,尤其是20世紀(jì)30年代上海福州路上書局林立的繁盛局面,都與商務(wù)、中華的創(chuàng)立與發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, the publishing industry mainly concentrated on the churches and official bookstores. Although the old-style book industry published western books and developed popular literature, it still maintained the traditional model of the book industry. The defeat of the Sino-Japanese War shocked the people of the country, especially the enlightened bureaucrats. The gentry and readers from all over the world advocated innovation and dissemination of new learning. During the period of 1898, there were many new bookstores that published books on Western learning and time affairs. They became an important part of the modern private publishing industry, and the commercial press was the most successful example, which successfully combined the western modern enterprise system with the knowledge and interpersonal relationships of the intellectual people. To become the largest private publishing organization in the late Qing Dynasty. In the first year of the Republic of China, the Commercial Press encountered the first contender that must be faced up to, the Chinese Book Company, which successfully seized the opportunity of regime change and quickly introduced textbooks suitable for the post-revolutionary trend and established a distribution network in textbooks. Ordinary books, magazines, printing and other aspects of competition with business. Business with its original topics, strong capital, editorial power has always been the first. But China learned from the successful business experience and innovation, This process is unique in that it mixes the profit-making of enterprises with the cultural concern of intellectuals. Although the two schools are opposed to each other, their cultural concerns point to "saving the country". Science and technology, literature. Full of modern ideas with the two sales network circulation throughout the country. In 1917, China had to engage in a year of long and difficult negotiations with business because its expansion was too fast, resulting in a cash flow failure. Business was hesitant because of excessive prudence, and China considered the terms of business to be too harsh. After about a year of consolidation, business began to improve in 1920. After that, the two bookstores joined in the wave of the New Culture Movement. From the old book industry to the church publishing institutions, the official bookstores, the commerce, China, and then the world after the May 4th Movement, the great east, the enlightened and so on, especially in 1930s, the flourishing situation of the Fuzhou Road bookstores in Shanghai was all related to business. The founding of China is closely related to its development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F279.29;G239.29;K258

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