本文關(guān)鍵詞： 晚清 保定府 災(zāi)荒 措施　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：晚清時(shí)期,由于氣候、水文、地形等自然原因,以及戰(zhàn)亂、匪盜等社會(huì)因素的影響,再加抗災(zāi)防災(zāi)能力和賑濟(jì)效果的限制,保定府地區(qū)災(zāi)荒頻仍,幾乎無(wú)年不災(zāi)。其發(fā)生頻率較高的災(zāi)害有水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)、蝗災(zāi)、雹災(zāi)、風(fēng)災(zāi)、地震、疫病等。由于其州縣地理?xiàng)l件及社會(huì)因素的差異,災(zāi)害的時(shí)空分布也表現(xiàn)出了一定的差異性。但總體來(lái)看,該區(qū)自然災(zāi)害種類(lèi)多、發(fā)生頻率高、涉及范圍廣,并且具有多災(zāi)并發(fā)、連續(xù)性和集中性較強(qiáng)等特征。頻繁的災(zāi)荒對(duì)該地區(qū)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活狀況造成了嚴(yán)重影響。譬如妨礙當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的正常、順利進(jìn)行,導(dǎo)致大量人口的流離和死亡,破壞物質(zhì)財(cái)富和影響商業(yè)的正常運(yùn)行,造成社會(huì)秩序的動(dòng)蕩不安等。就防災(zāi)、抗災(zāi)、賑災(zāi)而言,雖說(shuō)沿襲至當(dāng)時(shí)的荒政體制已較為完善,但由于荒政措施在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中弊端百出,難有顯著效果。當(dāng)然,清政府為整頓荒政不舉的狀況也采取了一系列措施,保定府各級(jí)官方在這方面也有響應(yīng)乃至自行嘗試舉措,發(fā)揮過(guò)一定積極作用。與此同時(shí),民間自發(fā)組織的抗災(zāi)、救災(zāi)活動(dòng)也有所發(fā)展,在有一定效果的同時(shí)也存在明顯的局限性。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, due to natural reasons such as climate, hydrology, topography, and social factors such as war, banditry and theft, the ability to resist disasters and prevent disasters and the effect of relief were restricted. The disasters with high frequency include flood, drought, locust disaster, hail disaster, wind disaster, earthquake, epidemic disease and so on. The spatial and temporal distribution of disasters also shows some differences, but in general, there are many kinds of natural disasters in this area, high frequency, involving a wide range, and with multiple disasters concurrent. Frequent famine has a serious impact on the social and economic living conditions of the region, for example, hindering the normal and smooth progress of local agricultural production. It leads to the displacement and death of a large number of people, the destruction of material wealth and the normal operation of commerce, and the destabilization of social order, etc. In terms of disaster prevention, disaster resistance and disaster relief. Although the famine system has been more perfect, but because of the shortage of measures in the implementation process, it is difficult to have significant effect. Of course, the Qing government also took a series of measures to rectify the situation of famine administration. Baoding government at all levels in this area has also responded to and even tried to act, played a certain positive role. At the same time, civil society spontaneous organizations to combat disasters, disaster relief activities have also developed. At the same time, there are obvious limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K252

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