本文關(guān)鍵詞： 伍廷芳 民主共和 君主立憲　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：伍廷芳是中國近代史上一個重要人物,早年留學(xué)英倫,學(xué)成歸國后先任職于港英政府,后入李鴻章幕。在充當(dāng)李鴻章幕僚期間,用自己所學(xué)的國際法知識為李鴻章和清政府辦理了許多交涉案件,受到李鴻章的高度賞識。李鴻章在甲午戰(zhàn)爭后下臺,清政府鑒于伍廷芳的外交才能,先后兩次任命他為駐美公使。伍廷芳在此期間對清政府忠心耿耿,希望清政府加快立憲步伐,擺脫民族危機(jī),但是清廷的一系列做法令伍廷芳大為失望,心灰意冷的他最后選擇了加入革命派,與其一道推翻清政府,在中國建立自己向往的民主共和制度。本文的研究就集中在晚年的伍廷芳在建立和維護(hù)共和制度所做的貢獻(xiàn)上 辛亥革命爆發(fā)后,伍廷芳受革命派之邀,出山任民軍的外交代表。為了推翻專制制度,建立共和制度,伍廷芳與清廷代表唐紹儀就國體問題進(jìn)行了一系列艱苦的談判,最終在中國建立了共和制度。伍廷芳由清廷的舊官僚轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦锩h,不但被人指責(zé)為叛徒,還面臨著清廷宗社黨的死亡威脅,伍廷芳向他們解釋了自己從追求建立君主立憲轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊裰鞴埠偷脑?同時希望他們早點(diǎn)加入到建設(shè)新的國家中來。 中華民國建立后,伍廷芳由于與革命黨的隔閡和對袁世凱的反感,選擇離開了民國初年的政治舞臺。離開政治舞臺的伍廷芳沒有閑著,有感于國人共和知識缺乏,他走進(jìn)了自己的書齋,以自己留英駐美的經(jīng)歷,寫了大量的書籍來介紹英美的政治制度,同時指出在我國應(yīng)該怎樣建立真正的民主共和國家。 伍廷芳平靜的書齋生活很快就被袁世凱稱帝和張勛復(fù)辟所打破,為了維護(hù)共和制度,伍廷芳再次出山,加入到了反對袁世凱稱帝和張勛復(fù)辟的斗爭中來。逆歷史潮流的袁世凱和張勛很快被歷史拋棄,伍廷芳為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己民國圖治的理想,接受了黎元洪的邀請在政府任職,但事與愿違的是,民國很快陷入各派軍閥無休止的爭斗中。伍廷芳為了維護(hù)真正的民主共和制度,和孫中山一起既反對北方軍閥又反對南方軍閥,最后積勞成疾,病死于討伐陳炯明的炮火聲中。 伍廷芳早年幫助清廷君主立憲,對清廷失望后,轉(zhuǎn)而追求民主共和,伍廷芳生命的最后十年為建立和維護(hù)共和,南北奔波,最后可以說為此而獻(xiàn)身。
[Abstract]:Wu Ting-fang is an important figure in the modern history of China. He studied in England in his early years, worked for the British Hong Kong government after returning to China, and then entered Li Hongzhang. With his knowledge of international law, he handled many cases for Li Hongzhang and the Qing government, which was highly appreciated by Li Hongzhang, who stepped down after the Sino-Japanese War of 1895. The Qing government, in view of Wu Tingfang's diplomatic talent. Wu Tingfang was appointed minister to the United States twice. During this period, Wu Ting-fang was loyal to the Qing government, hoping that the Qing government would accelerate the pace of constitutionalism and get rid of the national crisis. However, a series of measures by the Qing government greatly disappointed Wu Ting-fang. Frustrated, he finally chose to join the revolutionaries and overthrow the Qing government with them. This paper focuses on Wu Ting-fang 's contribution to the establishment and maintenance of the Republican system in his later years. After the Revolution of 1911, Wu Ting-fang was invited by the revolutionaries to appoint the diplomatic representatives of the people's army. In order to overthrow the autocratic system and establish the Republican system. Wu Ting-fang and Qing Dynasty representative Tang Shaoyi held a series of arduous negotiations on the national system, and finally established a Republican system in China. Wu Ting-fang was not only accused of being a traitor, but also a revolutionary party from the old bureaucrat of the Qing Dynasty. Facing death threats from the Qing Dynasty, Wu Ting-fang explained to them the reasons for his transition from a constitutional monarchy to a democratic republic, and hoped that they would join the building of a new country sooner. After the founding of the Republic of China, Wu Ting-fang, because of his estrangement from the Revolutionary Party and his antipathy to Yuan Shikai, chose to leave the political stage of the early years of the Republic of China. Feeling the lack of Republican knowledge, he went into his study, wrote a large number of books to introduce the political system of Britain and the United States with his own experience in the United Kingdom and the United States. At the same time, it points out how to establish a real democratic republic in our country. Wu Ting-fang 's quiet life in the study was soon broken by Yuan Shikai's title of emperor and Zhang Xun's restoration. In order to maintain the Republican system, Wu Ting-fang came out again. Join in the struggle against Yuan Shikai and the restoration of Zhang Xun. Against the trend of history, Yuan Shikai and Zhang quickly abandoned by history, Wu Tingfang in order to achieve his ideal of the Republic of China. Accepting Li Yuanhong's invitation to serve in the government, the Republic of China was quickly caught up in an endless struggle between warlords. Wu Ting-fang was trying to maintain a true democratic republic. Together with Sun Zhongshan, he opposed both the northern and southern warlords, and eventually became ill and died of the sound of crusade against Chen. In his early years, Wu Ting-fang helped the constitutional monarchy of the Qing Dynasty, disappointed in the Qing government, and turned to pursue a democratic republic. In the last ten years of his life, Wu Ting-fang ran to the north and south for the establishment and maintenance of the republic, and in the end, he died for it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258

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