本文關(guān)鍵詞：戰(zhàn)爭與醫(yī)療：日本在華同仁會研究（1937-1945）　出處：《南京大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：明治維新以后,日本政府對外殖民野心不斷膨脹,醫(yī)學界也積極參與到對外、特別是對華的活動中。1902年,日本財團法人同仁會在東京成立,公開的目標是向中國、朝鮮等東亞國家傳播先進的醫(yī)學知識并改善其醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生狀況,計劃在各國設(shè)醫(yī)院、建醫(yī)學校、派遣醫(yī)藥學專業(yè)人員。同仁會從成立至1937年七七事變爆發(fā),其在華活動分為三個階段：1902至1912年的十年間,為同仁會草創(chuàng)期,該會派出的醫(yī)療人員分散在中國各地,并在東北地區(qū)開設(shè)安東、營口兩所醫(yī)院;1912至1925年,同仁會將東北的醫(yī)療機構(gòu)移交給滿鐵,全力轉(zhuǎn)向中國內(nèi)地,建設(shè)了北京與漢口兩所醫(yī)院,面向中日民眾提供服務(wù);1925至1937年,同仁會接管青島和濟南的醫(yī)院。此間,以北京、漢口、青島、濟南四所醫(yī)院為立足點,開展巡回診療、醫(yī)學調(diào)查、醫(yī)療教育、醫(yī)學出版等活動。1937年,日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),同仁會的在華活動,迅速由平時的醫(yī)學交流轉(zhuǎn)為戰(zhàn)時“醫(yī)療救護”。在外務(wù)省指導下,同仁會派遣診療班到華北、華中等日占區(qū),配合當?shù)厝哲娤蛑袊癖娛┬忻赓M及低價醫(yī)療活動。在診療同時,同仁會還開展大規(guī)模的防疫活動,從設(shè)立防疫部到建成防疫處,逐步完成了在華防疫體系。同仁會的防疫活動涉及檢疫接種、調(diào)查研究、藥劑制作、防疫宣講、教育培訓等多個方面,全面主導和控制了日軍占領(lǐng)區(qū)的防疫工作。日本侵華期間,同仁會除開展診療和防疫兩大“事業(yè)”外,還致力于醫(yī)學教育、研究及出版工作。其醫(yī)學教育又分為診療班附屬醫(yī)護教育和醫(yī)科學校教育,后者包括青島東亞醫(yī)科學院和上海同仁大學醫(yī)學院兩所專門學校。研究活動最初由防疫機關(guān)兼顧,但衛(wèi)生研究所設(shè)立后,醫(yī)學研究從防疫體系中獨立出來,與防疫機關(guān)并行合作開展活動。出版方面,同仁會的中文雜志在戰(zhàn)爭開始后很快被廢止,日文雜志則稍作改革,較戰(zhàn)前更加專注于刊載對中國的醫(yī)學研究成果。同仁會戰(zhàn)時在華活動有著鮮明的階段性與地域性。同仁會的發(fā)展以日本官方主管機構(gòu)的變更為標志,從接受外務(wù)省文化事業(yè)部的管轄和補助,轉(zhuǎn)由興亞院及其現(xiàn)地機構(gòu)管理,最終歸于大東亞省統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃,同仁會在管理的統(tǒng)合下由松散走向有序,并逐步系統(tǒng)化、規(guī)�；�。同仁會的地域性特征表現(xiàn)在,它先設(shè)華北、華中支部,后向南北雙向擴張,成立蒙疆支部和海南島支部,通過各支部來分區(qū)統(tǒng)理人員調(diào)配、工作安排等;同時,同仁會立足于城市,向農(nóng)村擴展,并根據(jù)城鄉(xiāng)的不同特征分別采取醫(yī)院經(jīng)營和巡回診療兩類不同活動形式。同仁會戰(zhàn)時在中國的醫(yī)療活動并不是孤立的,它與所在地的日本占領(lǐng)軍、日本社會團體、偽政府機關(guān)等各方勢力都有密切聯(lián)系。戰(zhàn)爭初始,日軍直接“托管”同仁會,指導同仁會開展宣撫工作。同仁會脫離日軍“托管”后,則在日軍特務(wù)機關(guān)的監(jiān)督下,接管歐美系醫(yī)院,搶掠占領(lǐng)地的醫(yī)療資源;上海自然科學研究所等日本在華團體也與同仁會積極合作,“共謀發(fā)展”;偽政府則通過日本官方機構(gòu)與同仁會達成開設(shè)醫(yī)院、進行醫(yī)療調(diào)查等方面的協(xié)作。日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭期間,同仁會幫助日本政府在占領(lǐng)區(qū)實行“殖民醫(yī)學”探索,它與博愛會、善鄰協(xié)會、滿鐵衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療設(shè)施等共同組成了日本在華醫(yī)療控制網(wǎng)絡(luò),全面深入中國社會。在日本侵華的大背景之下,同仁會以傳播先進醫(yī)學為名,行壟斷、搶掠醫(yī)療資源之實,嚴重侵害了中國的醫(yī)療行政主權(quán)及中國民眾的利益。
[Abstract]:After the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government's foreign colonial ambition continues to expand, the medical profession is also actively involved in international activities in China, especially in.1902, Japan Tongren consortium Corporation was founded in Tokyo, the goal is to open China, North Korea and other East Asian countries to spread advanced medical knowledge and improve their health status, plan design the hospital in the world, built medical school to send medicine professionals. Erupt from inception to 1937 77 incident Tongren, its activities in China is divided into three stages: from 1902 to 1912 of ten years, for people starting period, this will send medical personnel scattered in Chinese around, and the creation of Anton in the northeast. The two hospital in Yingkou; from 1912 to 1925, people will be transferred to medical institutions in Northeast Mantetsu, turned to full Chinese mainland, the construction of the Beijing and Hankou two hospitals in Japan, for people to provide services; 1925 to 1937 In 2008, Qingdao and Ji'nan will take over the Tongren Hospital. Here, in Beijing, Hankou, Qingdao, Ji'nan four hospitals as the starting point, carry out tour clinics, medical research, medical education, medical publishing activities such as.1937, the Japanese invasion of the outbreak of the war, people's activities in China, quickly from the usual medical exchange transfer in "medical". Under the guidance of my colleagues in the Ministry of foreign affairs, will send medical classes to the north, central and other Japanese occupied areas, with the local people to the Japanese Chinese implementation of free and low-cost medical activities in the treatment. At the same time, my colleagues will also carry out large-scale epidemic prevention activities, from the establishment of the Department of defense to completion of quarantine, and gradually completed in China the epidemic prevention system. Tongren prevention activities involved in quarantine inoculation, investigation, drug production, epidemic prevention propaganda, many aspects of education and training, leadership and control of the overall Japanese occupation area of prevention work. During the Japanese invasion of china, My colleagues will carry out medical and epidemic prevention except two "career", is also committed to medical education, research and publishing. The medical education is divided into school education and medical school affiliated medical education, which includes two special school of Qingdao Medical College and East Shanghai Tongren University School of medicine. The initial consideration by the epidemic prevention research activities but the establishment of the authority of health, medical research independence from epidemic prevention system in out cooperation activities in parallel with the epidemic prevention organs. Publication of the magazine, Tongren will Chinese soon after the war began to be abolished, the reform of Japanese magazine is slightly more before the war to focus more on medical research on Chinese published results. Tongren will the wartime activities in China have a stage and distinct regional development. Tongren in Japan will change as a sign of official authority, from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Ministry of culture and Help, by local institutions and Xingya hospital management, and ultimately to overall planning of East Asia, Tongren in management integration from loose to orderly, and gradually systematic scale. Regional characteristics of Tongren will performance in the first set, North China, central China branch, South North two-way expansion, establishment of Mongolia Xinjiang branch and Hainan Island branch, through each branch to partition the unified management of personnel, work arrangements; at the same time, my colleagues will be based on the city, to the rural extension, and according to the different characteristics of urban and rural areas were taken hospital operation and diagnosis and treatment of two different types of tour activities. People in wartime Chinese medical activities and are not isolated. And it is the Japanese occupation, the Japanese puppet government organs and other social groups, the parties power is closely related to the start of the war, the Japanese directly managed Tongren Tongren guidance, will carry out the work from Tongren Xuan Fu. The Japanese "managed", in the supervision of the Japanese spy agencies, over Europe and the United States Department of the hospital, and occupied medical resources; Shanghai Institute of natural sciences in China and other Japanese groups also will actively cooperate with colleagues, "common development"; the puppet government will reach Japan by official institutions opened the hospital and Tongren, were cooperative medical care and other aspects of the investigation. During the Japanese invasion of China, my colleagues will help the Japanese government implemented the "colonial medicine" exploration in the occupied area, it will be good and love, Mantetsu Association, health care facilities and other common components of Japan in China Medical control network, comprehensive and in-depth China society. Under the background of Japan's invasion of China, Tongren with the spread of advanced medical name for the monopoly, looting of medical resources, a serious violation of the sovereignty and Chinese Chinese medical administrative public interests.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K265

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本文編號：1429483