本文關(guān)鍵詞：生產(chǎn)與生活：1958-1961年的上海里弄食堂　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 大躍進(jìn) 上海里弄食堂 糧食緊張

【摘要】：大躍進(jìn)的發(fā)動(dòng)不僅僅影響到農(nóng)村,同時(shí)其影響力也擴(kuò)大到大城市上海。1958年9月“七一”人民公社開(kāi)始,人民公社逐漸增加的同時(shí)公共食堂也隨之增加。然而興辦公共食堂不久之后,就露出多方面弊端,尤其里弄食堂,譬如經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理、食堂設(shè)備等方面的問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致里弄食堂數(shù)顯現(xiàn)一度下降的趨勢(shì)。 1959年廬山會(huì)議以后受到反右斗爭(zhēng)和左傾思想的影響中共的政策發(fā)生重大改變。日益減少的公共食堂數(shù)也在會(huì)議以后突然猛增。對(duì)于這種現(xiàn)象以往的學(xué)者通常以左傾思想來(lái)解釋。然而里弄食堂數(shù)量逐漸增加,工廠食堂數(shù)量反而顯現(xiàn)下降的趨勢(shì)。之前在工廠吃飯的工人們都開(kāi)始去里弄食堂吃飯。假設(shè)受到左傾思想的影響,為什么比里弄食堂設(shè)備齊全而飯菜質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良的工廠食堂都關(guān)閉了呢?可見(jiàn)單純依靠意識(shí)形態(tài)沒(méi)法解釋這個(gè)事實(shí)。 1959年至61年的大饑荒時(shí)期,上海也受到巨大影響。對(duì)于實(shí)行糧食統(tǒng)制和節(jié)約政策的上海是很關(guān)鍵的歷史時(shí)期。因此飯票制度、副食品票證制度、控制農(nóng)村人口的進(jìn)城、精簡(jiǎn)工廠的臨時(shí)員工等一系列政策被推行,以來(lái)緩解上海的糧食緊張。在這樣的情況下,雖然工廠食堂具有比里弄食堂設(shè)備、條件上的優(yōu)勢(shì),但因?yàn)楣S本身的特點(diǎn)(夜餐飯、臨時(shí)工、行政、關(guān)系方面等)出現(xiàn)了非常嚴(yán)重的食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象。因此工廠食堂逐漸關(guān)閉,把職工吃飯的問(wèn)題推向里弄食堂。 本質(zhì)性的問(wèn)題并未得到解決,而只是采取‘踢皮球’的方式向里弄食堂施添加壓力。這種局勢(shì)一直維持到大饑荒的結(jié)束。創(chuàng)辦公共食堂的作用是彌補(bǔ)大躍進(jìn)初期勞動(dòng)力的不足,具有社會(huì)主義的標(biāo)志性意義。然而1959-61年,大饑荒時(shí)期公共食堂的作用具有緩解當(dāng)時(shí)糧食緊張壓力的意義。
[Abstract]:The launch of the Great Leap forward not only affected the countryside, but also extended its influence to the big city of Shanghai. In September 1958, the people's Commune of July 1st began. The people's commune gradually increased at the same time the public canteen also increased. However, shortly after the establishment of the public canteen, it revealed many drawbacks, especially the Lilong canteen, such as management, management, canteen equipment and other aspects of the problem. As a result of the Lilong canteen number once showed a downward trend. In 1959, the Lushan conference was influenced by the anti-right struggle and the left-leaning ideology. The number of public canteens suddenly soared after the meeting. For the former scholars of this phenomenon, the number of public canteens suddenly soared after the meeting. This is usually explained by left-leaning thinking. However, the number of canteens in Lilong has gradually increased. Instead, the number of factory canteens has shown a downward trend. Workers who had previously eaten in factories began to eat in the canteens. Suppose they were influenced by left-leaning thinking. Why are all the factory canteens that are better equipped and of good food quality closed than those in the Lilun canteen? We can see that ideology alone cannot explain this fact. During the famine period from 1959 to 61, Shanghai was also greatly affected. It was a crucial historical period for Shanghai to implement grain control and economy policy. Therefore, the rice ticket system and the non-staple food ticket system. A series of policies, such as controlling the rural population entering the city and streamlining temporary workers in factories, have been implemented to ease food tensions in Shanghai. In such cases, although the factory canteen has more facilities than the Lilong canteen. The advantages of conditions, but due to the plant's own characteristics (night meal, temporary workers, administration, relations, etc.) there is a very serious food waste phenomenon. So the factory canteen gradually closed. Push the problem of employees' meals to the dining-room. The essential problem has not been solved. Instead, it was' kicking the ball'to put pressure on the Lilong canteen. The situation lasted until the end of the famine. The public canteen was created to make up for the labor shortage in the early years of the Great Leap forward. It has the iconic significance of socialism. However, in 1959-61, the role of public dining hall in the Great Famine period had the significance of relieving the pressure of food tension at that time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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