本文關鍵詞：何處是歸程：民國都市獨身女性研究　出處：《上海師范大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 都市女性 獨身主義 獨身原因 心態(tài)體驗 社會輿論

【摘要】：古往今來,婚姻始終是女性繞不開的一個話題。但自五四運動以來,抱獨身主義的都市女性逐漸進入人們的視野。本文研究的獨身女性主要分為兩類,一類是接受過新式教育的知識女性,以從事革命、宗教、文學創(chuàng)作、教育、醫(yī)師護士、律師、職員等事業(yè)為主,且不乏所舉行業(yè)中的女性開創(chuàng)者和佼佼者,這一類獨身女性占據(jù)著主要部分;還有一部分是活躍于電影、歌舞、話劇、戲曲等演藝娛樂業(yè)中的“摩登女郎”。無論屬于哪一類,她們都是近代都市環(huán)境下孕育出來的特殊女性群體。那么,這些與傳統(tǒng)倫理道德相悖的獨身女性,應如何調試她們在主流社會中的身份認同,該以一種怎樣的心態(tài)自處,這些都是值得探討的問題。從近代都市環(huán)境為女性提供的經(jīng)濟條件、相對寬松的社會條件和經(jīng)歷新文化運動席卷之后嶄新的思想倫理條件,可以看到近代獨身女性與傳統(tǒng)社會女性為守“貞操”所抱獨身之間的區(qū)別。獨身女性的形象建構有一個歷史過程:五四時期的獨身女性在文學作品中的形象多是激進明朗的,然而在五四風潮急流勇退之后,報章小說中的獨身女性逐漸蛻變?yōu)槿侨送榛蚬┤宿揶碜I諷的“老姑娘”。她們總是以性格孤僻、行為古怪的刻板印象出現(xiàn),可知獨身女性形象的演變,與婦女運動由高到低的走向有關。民國時期都市女性的獨身現(xiàn)象盡管沒有蔚然成風,但還是引發(fā)了外界輿論的喧囂塵上,對于女性獨身現(xiàn)象的鼓吹與現(xiàn)實之間存在著不小張力,獨身主義論調因其“彈性”和傳統(tǒng)倫理觀念的強烈壓力,始終難以在近代中國社會站穩(wěn)腳跟。而一般來說,民國時期都市女性選擇獨身的原因首先是一種個人意愿,但傳統(tǒng)家庭制度的束縛及社會兩性關系不合理的現(xiàn)狀也是獨身女子漸趨增多的重要原因,對大多數(shù)職業(yè)女性而言,家庭和事業(yè)始終難以兼得。當然,不是每個抱獨身主義的女性都會將這條路堅持到底,人生際遇或心態(tài)變遷都會使獨身信念發(fā)生動搖,甚至因單調、壓抑的禁欲生活而造成心理扭曲,但只要調適好心態(tài),獨身生活亦能豐富多彩。由于背離男婚女嫁的傳統(tǒng)人倫觀念,獨身女性勢必得不到主流社會的普遍諒解,抨擊反對聲浪遠蓋過同情贊成之聲。本文借鑒社會性別理論和婦女心態(tài)史的研究方法,試圖從女性主體和社會輿論兩個話語體系出發(fā),探討民國時期都市獨身女性的生存環(huán)境、獨身原因、生活狀態(tài)、心態(tài)體驗、社會輿論等面向,最終試圖解答這樣一個問題,即獨身是一種逃避還是反抗行為,近代獨身女性能否被稱作女性解放的表征之一。
[Abstract]:Through the ages, marriage has always been a topic that women can not get around. But since the May 4th Movement, the urban women with celibacy have gradually come into people's view. The single women studied in this paper are divided into two main categories. One is the educated women who have received a new type of education, mainly engaged in revolution, religion, literary creation, education, doctors and nurses, lawyers, staff, and so on, and there is no lack of female pioneers and leaders in the industries mentioned above. This category of celibate women occupy the main part; Others are "modern girls" who are active in film, song and dance, drama, opera, and other performing arts and entertainment. Either way, they are a special group of women born out of the modern urban environment. How to debug their identity in the mainstream society and what kind of mentality should be adopted by these celibate women who are contrary to the traditional ethics and morality. From the modern urban environment to provide women with economic conditions, relatively loose social conditions and experienced the new cultural movement swept through the new ideological and ethical conditions. We can see the difference between modern celibate women and traditional society women holding celibacy in keeping "virginity". The image construction of celibate women has a historical process:. The images of celibate women in the May 4th period are radical and clear. However, after the May 4th wave retreated, the single women in the newspaper novels gradually degenerated into "old girls" who were sympathetic or ridiculed. They always appeared in the stereotype of being eccentric and eccentric. It can be seen that the evolution of the image of celibate women is related to the movement of women from high to low. Although the phenomenon of celibacy of urban women in the Republic of China did not become popular, it still triggered the uproar of public opinion. There is no small tension between the advocacy of female celibacy and reality. Celibacy is due to its "elasticity" and the intense pressure of traditional ethics. It has always been difficult to establish a firm foothold in modern Chinese society. Generally speaking, the reason why urban women chose celibacy during the period of the Republic of China was above all a kind of personal will. However, the bondage of the traditional family system and the unreasonable social gender relations are also the important reasons for the increasing number of single women. For most professional women, family and career are always difficult to have. Of course. Not every celibacy woman will stick to the road to the end, life experience or changes in mentality will make single beliefs shake, or even because of monotonous, depressed abstinence and cause psychological distortion. However, as long as the adjustment of good mentality, single life can be rich and colorful. Because of the departure from the traditional concept of marriage and marriage, single women will not get the general understanding of the mainstream society. The thesis draws lessons from the research methods of gender theory and the history of women's mentality and tries to proceed from the two discourse systems of female subject and public opinion. This paper discusses the living environment, the reason of celibacy, the state of life, the psychological experience, the public opinion and so on, and finally tries to answer the question that celibacy is a kind of behavior of escape or revolt. Can modern celibate women be called one of the symbols of female liberation?
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K258

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