北宋徽宗、欽宗時期的臺諫
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-15 00:23
【摘要】： 北宋的臺諫制度在繼承前代的基礎(chǔ)上不斷發(fā)展與完善,在當(dāng)時的政治運(yùn)作中起到舉足輕重的作用�；兆�、欽宗時期,沿襲神宗元豐改制后的臺諫制度,并有所發(fā)展,臺諫在監(jiān)察宰執(zhí)、規(guī)諫皇帝、參與朝政等方面仍然起到非常重要的作用。但是隨著政治環(huán)境發(fā)生變化,徽宗后期至欽宗時期,金兵入侵,政局動蕩,政治日趨腐敗,皇權(quán)和相權(quán)彼此消長,使得臺諫制度受到影響,它的設(shè)置、職能等也發(fā)生相應(yīng)變化,而且不斷地受到破壞。 本文分四個部分: 第一部分,首先總體敘述臺諫的源流。北宋的臺諫制度承襲唐朝,并出現(xiàn)了一些變化。北宋前期,徹史臺沿襲唐朝的臺、殿、察三院制度。宋初還承襲了唐朝御史和諫官各為一體的制度,御史彈劾百官,諫官主諫諍。到宋真宗天禧年間后,御史和諫官制度逐漸合一,諫官職能由諫諍皇帝擴(kuò)大到彈劾宰執(zhí)百官,御史也具有諫諍的職能。其次闡明北宋前期和中期政治環(huán)境下的臺諫制度,介紹神宗元豐改制前后的臺諫特點(diǎn),宋神宗元豐改制后,侍御史成為御史臺副長官,其所在的臺院名存職廢,御史臺三院出現(xiàn)了合并的趨勢。從而使臺諫官的職能范圍也更為廣闊。并且元豐改制后的臺諫制度很多沿用到徽宗、欽宗時期。 第二部分,簡要介紹北宋后期的政治環(huán)境,然后分別闡述徽宗、欽宗時期的臺諫,在繼承的前提下也具有特定時期的特點(diǎn),分別從臺諫的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置、選任和升遷、原則、法規(guī)、職能諸方面進(jìn)行論述�；兆诩次怀跗诘恼州^為穩(wěn)定,因此這一時期的臺諫制度除了沿襲舊有制度外,在設(shè)置方面等還發(fā)生了一些變化。后期面臨金兵入侵,政局動蕩,隨著政局的變換,臺諫的職能發(fā)生變化,臺諫官論奏的主要對象也與前代有所不同。欽宗即位后,試圖匡補(bǔ)時弊,恢復(fù)臺諫的舊觀,一時涌現(xiàn)出一批敢言的臺諫官。但不久欽宗就表現(xiàn)出消極退讓的態(tài)度,往往對臺諫官的論奏置之不理。 第三部分?jǐn)⑹鲈趯Ｖ企w制下的皇權(quán)和相權(quán)試圖擺脫臺諫監(jiān)督而對臺諫造成破壞�；�、欽二宗往往采取貶逐臺諫官、作御筆手詔等手段破壞臺諫,或者對臺諫官的論奏不予接納,或者破壞臺諫的既定制度和原則。蔡京等權(quán)臣也紛紛采取控制臺諫的任命權(quán)、利用臺諫打擊異己、假借御筆的手段破壞臺諫制度。 第四部分,對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié),指出專制制度環(huán)境及政治環(huán)境變化對臺諫產(chǎn)生的影響。在徽宗、欽宗時期政治環(huán)境惡化的情況下,臺諫制度雖然一度發(fā)揮其功效,但是由于君主擁有最高的行政權(quán)、立法權(quán),臺諫制度的制定和運(yùn)作都要受其影響,當(dāng)君主試圖將權(quán)力用于擺脫或?qū)古_諫的監(jiān)察時,臺諫職能的破壞和壓制就在所難免,最終由于專制主義制度下皇權(quán)的破壞使得臺諫喪失其職能。在專制主義中央集權(quán)的人治環(huán)境及北宋末年政治腐敗,政局動蕩的特定環(huán)境下,臺諫制度即使得到發(fā)展,但仍免不了受到破壞。
[Abstract]:The Taiwan remonstrance system in the Northern Song Dynasty continued to develop and perfect on the basis of inheriting the previous generation, and played an important role in the political operation at that time. During the period of Huizong and Qinzong, it followed the system of Taiwan remonstrance after the reform of Shenzong Yuanfeng, and developed. Taiwan remonstrance still played a very important role in supervising the ruler, remonstrating the emperor, participating in the government and so on. However, with the change of the political environment, from the late Huizong period to the Qinzong period, the invasion of Jin Bing, the political instability, the increasing corruption of politics, the growth and decline of imperial power and prime power each other affected the Taiwan remonstrance system, and its establishment and functions also changed accordingly. And constantly being damaged. This article is divided into four parts: the first part, first of all, the overall description of the origin of Taiwan remonstrance. The system of Taiwan remonstrance in the Northern Song Dynasty inherited from the Tang Dynasty, and some changes occurred. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Cheshitai followed the Tang Dynasty's system of Taiwan, Temple and Inspection of the three Hospitals. The early Song Dynasty also inherited the Tang Dynasty imperial history and remonstrated officials as one of the systems, imperial history impeached 100 officials, remonstrated officials to remonstrate. After the Tianxi period of Song Zhenzong, the imperial history and the system of remonstrating officials were gradually integrated, and the function of remonstrating officials was expanded from remonstrating emperors to impeaching and impeaching a hundred officials, and imperial history also had the function of remonstrating. Secondly, it expounds the Taiwan remonstrance system under the political environment in the early and middle period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and introduces the characteristics of the Taiwan remonstrance before and after the reform of Shenzong Yuanfeng. After the reform of the Song Shenzong Yuanfeng system, the imperial history became the deputy director of the Imperial History platform. There is a trend of merger in the third Academy of Imperial History and Taiwan. As a result, the functional scope of Taiwan remonstrance officials is also broader. And Yuan Feng after the reform of the Taiwan remonstrance system many used to Huizong, Qinzong period. The second part briefly introduces the political environment in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and then expounds the Taiwan remonstrance in Huizong and Qinzong periods, which also has the characteristics of a specific period under the premise of inheritance, respectively, from the structure of Taiwan remonstrance, selection and promotion, principles, laws and regulations. The functions are discussed in various aspects. The political situation in the early days of Huizong ascended the throne was relatively stable, so the remonstrance system in this period not only followed the old system, but also changed in the aspect of setting up. In the later period, facing the invasion of Jin Bing and political instability, with the change of political situation, the function of Taiwan remonstrance changed, and the main object of Taiwan remonstrance official argumentation was also different from that of the previous generation. After Qin Zong ascended the throne, he tried to make up for the disadvantages of the times and restore the old view of Taiwan remonstrance. However, Qin Zong soon showed a negative attitude of concession, often ignoring the argument of Taiwan remonstrance officials. The third part describes the imperial power and the power under the autocratic system try to get rid of the supervision of Taiwan remonstrance and cause damage to Taiwan remonstrance. Hui and Qin often destroy Taiwan remonstrance by devaluing Taiwan remonstrance officials and making imperial hand orders, or reject the argumentation of Taiwan remonstrance officials, or destroy the established system and principles of Taiwan remonstrance. Cai Jing and other officials have also adopted the right to control the appointment of Taiwan remonstrance, using Taiwan remonstrance to crack down on dissent, and using imperial pen to destroy the Taiwan remonstrance system. The fourth part summarizes the full text and points out the influence of autocratic system environment and political environment on Taiwan remonstrance. In the case of the deterioration of the political environment in Huizong and Qinzong periods, although the Taiwan remonstrance system once played its role, because the monarch has the highest executive power, legislative power, the formulation and operation of the Taiwan remonstrance system will be affected by it. When the monarch tries to use power to get rid of or antagonize the supervision of Taiwan remonstrance, the destruction and suppression of the function of Taiwan remonstrance is inevitable. Finally, due to the destruction of imperial power under the autocratic system, Taiwan remonstrance loses its function. Under the environment of autocratic centralization of man and the political corruption and political instability in the late Northern Song Dynasty, even if the system of Taiwan remonstrance was developed, it was still inevitably destroyed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K244
本文編號：2477164
[Abstract]:The Taiwan remonstrance system in the Northern Song Dynasty continued to develop and perfect on the basis of inheriting the previous generation, and played an important role in the political operation at that time. During the period of Huizong and Qinzong, it followed the system of Taiwan remonstrance after the reform of Shenzong Yuanfeng, and developed. Taiwan remonstrance still played a very important role in supervising the ruler, remonstrating the emperor, participating in the government and so on. However, with the change of the political environment, from the late Huizong period to the Qinzong period, the invasion of Jin Bing, the political instability, the increasing corruption of politics, the growth and decline of imperial power and prime power each other affected the Taiwan remonstrance system, and its establishment and functions also changed accordingly. And constantly being damaged. This article is divided into four parts: the first part, first of all, the overall description of the origin of Taiwan remonstrance. The system of Taiwan remonstrance in the Northern Song Dynasty inherited from the Tang Dynasty, and some changes occurred. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Cheshitai followed the Tang Dynasty's system of Taiwan, Temple and Inspection of the three Hospitals. The early Song Dynasty also inherited the Tang Dynasty imperial history and remonstrated officials as one of the systems, imperial history impeached 100 officials, remonstrated officials to remonstrate. After the Tianxi period of Song Zhenzong, the imperial history and the system of remonstrating officials were gradually integrated, and the function of remonstrating officials was expanded from remonstrating emperors to impeaching and impeaching a hundred officials, and imperial history also had the function of remonstrating. Secondly, it expounds the Taiwan remonstrance system under the political environment in the early and middle period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and introduces the characteristics of the Taiwan remonstrance before and after the reform of Shenzong Yuanfeng. After the reform of the Song Shenzong Yuanfeng system, the imperial history became the deputy director of the Imperial History platform. There is a trend of merger in the third Academy of Imperial History and Taiwan. As a result, the functional scope of Taiwan remonstrance officials is also broader. And Yuan Feng after the reform of the Taiwan remonstrance system many used to Huizong, Qinzong period. The second part briefly introduces the political environment in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and then expounds the Taiwan remonstrance in Huizong and Qinzong periods, which also has the characteristics of a specific period under the premise of inheritance, respectively, from the structure of Taiwan remonstrance, selection and promotion, principles, laws and regulations. The functions are discussed in various aspects. The political situation in the early days of Huizong ascended the throne was relatively stable, so the remonstrance system in this period not only followed the old system, but also changed in the aspect of setting up. In the later period, facing the invasion of Jin Bing and political instability, with the change of political situation, the function of Taiwan remonstrance changed, and the main object of Taiwan remonstrance official argumentation was also different from that of the previous generation. After Qin Zong ascended the throne, he tried to make up for the disadvantages of the times and restore the old view of Taiwan remonstrance. However, Qin Zong soon showed a negative attitude of concession, often ignoring the argument of Taiwan remonstrance officials. The third part describes the imperial power and the power under the autocratic system try to get rid of the supervision of Taiwan remonstrance and cause damage to Taiwan remonstrance. Hui and Qin often destroy Taiwan remonstrance by devaluing Taiwan remonstrance officials and making imperial hand orders, or reject the argumentation of Taiwan remonstrance officials, or destroy the established system and principles of Taiwan remonstrance. Cai Jing and other officials have also adopted the right to control the appointment of Taiwan remonstrance, using Taiwan remonstrance to crack down on dissent, and using imperial pen to destroy the Taiwan remonstrance system. The fourth part summarizes the full text and points out the influence of autocratic system environment and political environment on Taiwan remonstrance. In the case of the deterioration of the political environment in Huizong and Qinzong periods, although the Taiwan remonstrance system once played its role, because the monarch has the highest executive power, legislative power, the formulation and operation of the Taiwan remonstrance system will be affected by it. When the monarch tries to use power to get rid of or antagonize the supervision of Taiwan remonstrance, the destruction and suppression of the function of Taiwan remonstrance is inevitable. Finally, due to the destruction of imperial power under the autocratic system, Taiwan remonstrance loses its function. Under the environment of autocratic centralization of man and the political corruption and political instability in the late Northern Song Dynasty, even if the system of Taiwan remonstrance was developed, it was still inevitably destroyed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K244
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 楊倩麗;汪藻與《靖康要錄》研究[D];西南民族大學(xué);2011年
2 李洪霞;鄒浩研究[D];河北大學(xué);2010年
，本文編號：2477164
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