漢武帝晚年政治取向與司馬光的重構(gòu)
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-02 21:34
【摘要】：日本學者市村瓚次郎在1930年代依據(jù)《資治通鑒》的記載提出,漢武帝晚年發(fā)布的"輪臺詔",體現(xiàn)了其治國路線的轉(zhuǎn)變,正是依賴這一轉(zhuǎn)變,使得已經(jīng)動蕩的西漢王朝得以保全。其后,中國學者唐長孺述及相關(guān)問題,亦持有同樣看法。至1980年代中期,田余慶發(fā)表《論輪臺詔》一文,更系統(tǒng)地論述說,漢武帝劉徹在其去世前兩年,大幅度轉(zhuǎn)變政治取向,由橫征暴斂,窮兵黷武,轉(zhuǎn)向所謂"守文",從而"澄清了紛亂局面,穩(wěn)定了統(tǒng)治秩序,導致了所謂‘昭宣中興’,使西漢統(tǒng)治得以再延續(xù)近百年之久"。這一重大論斷,引起中國學術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注和高度贊譽,產(chǎn)生了相當普遍的社會影響。其實上述論斷不能成立:(1)見于《漢書·西域傳》記載的所謂"輪臺詔",只是一種調(diào)整對外作戰(zhàn)策略的權(quán)宜之計,而不是從根本上轉(zhuǎn)變漢廷的政治路線;(2)市村瓚次郎、唐長孺和田余慶諸人認為漢武帝晚年的治國路線出現(xiàn)了重大轉(zhuǎn)變,主要依據(jù)的史料是《資治通鑒》,而《通鑒》相關(guān)記載不見于《史記》、《漢書》等漢代基本史籍,而是出自南朝劉宋王儉著的小說《漢武故事》,完全不可信據(jù);(3)司馬光在《資治通鑒》中采錄《漢武故事》,是刻意構(gòu)建符合其政治需要的漢武帝形象;(4)進一步追溯,可以看到,王儉在《漢武故事》所塑造的漢武帝形象,是基于他對宋文帝劉義隆與太子劉劭之間政治斗爭的感情傾向,有意而為。(5)《漢武故事》中的漢武帝形象,雖屬藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作,但在西漢的歷史上自有原型可尋。
[Abstract]:In the 1930s, the Japanese scholar Zan Jiro, based on the records of "Zizhi Tongjian", proposed that the "round Taiwan edict" issued by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years reflected the transformation of his line of governing the country, and it was precisely on this change that he relied on this change. The already turbulent Western Han Dynasty was preserved. Since then, Tang Changru, a Chinese scholar, has also taken the same view. By the mid-1980s, Tian Yuqing published "on the Round Taizhao" in a more systematic way, saying that in the two years before his death, Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty had substantially changed his political orientation and changed his political orientation from being aggressive, militaristic, and turning to the so-called "observing the text." Thus "clarified the situation of chaos, stabilized the ruling order, led to the so-called 'Zhaoxuan Zhongxing', so that the rule of the Western Han Dynasty can continue for nearly a hundred years". This important conclusion has aroused the widespread concern and high praise of Chinese academic circles, and has produced quite general social influence. In fact, the above-mentioned argument cannot be established as follows: (1) the so-called "round Taiwan edict", recorded in the Western Biography of the Han Book, is only an expedient measure to adjust the external combat strategy, rather than fundamentally changing the political line of the Han Dynasty; (2) the people of Zan Jiro, Tang Changru and Tian Yuqing in the city believed that there had been a major change in the line of governing the country in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the main basis of which was the "Zizhi Tongjian", and the relevant records of Tongjian were not found in the Records of History. "Han Shu" and other basic historical books of Han Dynasty, but the novel "Han Wu Story" written by Liu and Song Dynasty Wang Jian in the Southern Dynasty, are totally unreliable. (3) Si Maguang recorded the Han Wu Story in Zizhi Tongjian, which is to construct the image of Han Wu Emperor which accords with his political needs. (4) further tracing back, we can see that Wang Jian's image of Emperor Wudi in the Han Wu Story is based on his emotional tendency towards the political struggle between Emperor Liu Yilong and Prince Liu Shao of Song Wen Di. (5) the image of Emperor Wudi in Han Wu Story is an artistic creation, but there are archetypes to be found in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 北京大學中國古代史研究中心;
【分類號】：K234
[Abstract]:In the 1930s, the Japanese scholar Zan Jiro, based on the records of "Zizhi Tongjian", proposed that the "round Taiwan edict" issued by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years reflected the transformation of his line of governing the country, and it was precisely on this change that he relied on this change. The already turbulent Western Han Dynasty was preserved. Since then, Tang Changru, a Chinese scholar, has also taken the same view. By the mid-1980s, Tian Yuqing published "on the Round Taizhao" in a more systematic way, saying that in the two years before his death, Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty had substantially changed his political orientation and changed his political orientation from being aggressive, militaristic, and turning to the so-called "observing the text." Thus "clarified the situation of chaos, stabilized the ruling order, led to the so-called 'Zhaoxuan Zhongxing', so that the rule of the Western Han Dynasty can continue for nearly a hundred years". This important conclusion has aroused the widespread concern and high praise of Chinese academic circles, and has produced quite general social influence. In fact, the above-mentioned argument cannot be established as follows: (1) the so-called "round Taiwan edict", recorded in the Western Biography of the Han Book, is only an expedient measure to adjust the external combat strategy, rather than fundamentally changing the political line of the Han Dynasty; (2) the people of Zan Jiro, Tang Changru and Tian Yuqing in the city believed that there had been a major change in the line of governing the country in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the main basis of which was the "Zizhi Tongjian", and the relevant records of Tongjian were not found in the Records of History. "Han Shu" and other basic historical books of Han Dynasty, but the novel "Han Wu Story" written by Liu and Song Dynasty Wang Jian in the Southern Dynasty, are totally unreliable. (3) Si Maguang recorded the Han Wu Story in Zizhi Tongjian, which is to construct the image of Han Wu Emperor which accords with his political needs. (4) further tracing back, we can see that Wang Jian's image of Emperor Wudi in the Han Wu Story is based on his emotional tendency towards the political struggle between Emperor Liu Yilong and Prince Liu Shao of Song Wen Di. (5) the image of Emperor Wudi in Han Wu Story is an artistic creation, but there are archetypes to be found in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 北京大學中國古代史研究中心;
【分類號】：K234
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1 李俸s，
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