【摘要】： 朱子《尚書》學在《尚書》學史上具有轉關作用，成為了“盡信《書》”向疑辨《尚書》轉變的關鍵，開啟了《尚書》研究的新方法與路徑。 唐韓愈首倡棄傳求經(jīng)，至宋疑古惑經(jīng)蔚為大觀，這一思潮為朱子疑辨諸經(jīng)提供了思想資源和學術氛圍，是朱子疑《書》成果可以被學界接受的前提。宋代《尚書》研究，二程以來的理學家為《尚書》這部古老經(jīng)典灌注了理學思想的新鮮血液，理學一派《書》學逐漸成為核心，為朱子以理學思想解《書》提供了思想基礎。王安石、蘇軾、林之奇、呂祖謙宋四名家《書》解以個例鮮明地呈現(xiàn)了宋學義理解經(jīng)特色，反映了經(jīng)學家以經(jīng)為工具展開的思想斗爭，，揭示了疑《書》由點滴而成系統(tǒng)的過程。四家《書》學與朱子《書》學的關系充分反映了宋學獨尊到漢宋結合的轉變，以及朱子對時賢《書》學的批判與繼承。 淳熙十三年(1186年)，朱子開始著手《書集傳》工作。朱子與學侶弟子書信來往論《書》者共十八人，《朱子語類》中論《書》者七十二人，討論《尚書》的活動主要在其晚年，朱子《書》學思想在討論中逐漸形成。朱子注《書》五篇引書達四十五部，在實踐上體現(xiàn)了漢、宋學的融合。朱子注《書》數(shù)篇反映了他對《尚書》訓詁與義理的創(chuàng)新，為蔡沈《書集傳》奠定了基本原則及體例。朱子對《大、小序》、《古文尚書》、《孔安國傳》展開了系統(tǒng)疑辨，影響其后研究尤巨。 朱子早年出入佛老，師事李侗后歸本伊洛，以《四書》為核心開始建構其理學大廈，晚年其學術重心在《禮》學，《尚書》文本整體始終未進入朱子思想的核心。慶元黨禁嚴重制約了朱子的學術活動，朱子未能完成《書集傳》的撰著，這與他生平學術價值取向及晚年遭遇有關。 蔡沈家族與朱子有深厚的學術淵源，蔡沈著《洪范皇極內篇》傳蔡元定獨得之學，這是朱子托《書集傳》予蔡沈的主要原因。蔡沈解《書》思想層面上一本朱子理學精神，但在體例上卻與朱子有較大的差異，后者成為援朱反蔡者口實。 朱子解《書》通過對傳統(tǒng)命題內涵的改造，蘊含了他解經(jīng)修身、淑世、護教的價值取向。朱子解《書》重訓詁與義理的結合，由此展開的對漢、宋學的批評觸及了解釋循環(huán)性的理論問題。朱子疑《書》改《書》及以理學思想解《書》揭示了朱子對解經(jīng)歷史性具有清醒的認識。
[Abstract]:Zhu Zi's study of Shangshu has the function of changing customs in the history of Shangshu, which has become the key to the transformation from "believing" to "suspecting", and opens a new method and path for the study of "Shangshu". Tang Han Yu first proposed to abandon biography and seek sutras and to the Song Dynasty to doubt the ancient sutras. This trend of thought provided the ideological resources and academic atmosphere for Zhu Zi's sutras. It was the premise that Zhu Zi's dubious book could be accepted by the academic circles. The study of Shangshu in the Song Dynasty shows that the Neo-Confucianism since the second stage infused the fresh blood of Neo-Confucianism thought for the ancient classic of Shangshu. The study of "Book" from one school of Neo-Confucianism gradually became the core, which provided the ideological basis for Zhu Zi's understanding of "Book" with the thought of Neo-Confucianism. Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Lin Zhiqi, Lu Zuqian and Song Dynasty's four famous writers, "Books", with individual examples, clearly present the characteristics of Song Xueyi's understanding of the Sutra, reflect the ideological struggle launched by the scholars with the Sutra as a tool, and reveal the process of the "Book of doubt" becoming a system by bit. The relationship between the four "Book" studies and Zhu Zi's "book" studies fully reflects the transformation of Song school to the combination of Han and Song dynasties, as well as Zhu Zi's criticism and inheritance of Shi Xian's study. Chun-hee 13 years (1186), Zhu began to work on the collection of books. Zhu Zi and his disciple of learning on the exchange of letters "book" altogether 18 people, "Zhu Zi language category" in the "book" 72 people, the discussion "Shang Shu" activities mainly in his later years, Zhu Zi "book" study thought gradually formed in the discussion. Zhu Zi's five citations include 45 books, which embody the fusion of Han and Song learning in practice. Zhu Zi's notes and books reflect his innovation in exegesis and theory, and lay a foundation for Cai Shen's biography of the Book of Books. Zhu Zi made a systematic analysis of "the preface to the Big and the small", the Book of the Ancient writings and the Biography of Confucius and Anguo, which influenced the later studies. In his early years, Zhu Zi entered and went out of the Buddha's old age, and the teacher of Li Dong returned to Benilo and began to construct his Neo-Confucianism building with the "four Books" as the core. In his later years, his academic focus was on "ritual" learning, and the whole text of "Shang Shu" never entered the core of Zhu Zi's thought. The ban of Qingyuan Party seriously restricted Zhu Zi's academic activities, and Zhu Zi failed to complete the compilation of Book Collection, which was related to his academic value orientation in his life and his experiences in his later years. Cai Shen's family has a deep academic origin with Zhu Zi. Cai Shen's biography of Cai Yuanding's study is the main reason why Zhu Zituo's biography of Book works is given to Cai Shen. Cai Shen interprets the book "Book" on the ideological level, but there is a great difference in style between Zhu and Zhu, the latter becoming the aid to Zhu anti-Cai. Zhu Zi's interpretation of the book through the transformation of the connotation of the traditional proposition contains the value orientation of his understanding of the scripture, the cultivation of the world and the protection of education. Zhu Zi's interpretation of "Book" emphasizes the combination of exegesis and righteousness, and the criticism of Han and Song studies has touched on the theoretical problem of explaining circulation. Zhu Zi's doubt about the Book and the interpretation of the Book with the thought of Neo-Confucianism revealed Zhu Zi's sober understanding of the history of the interpretation of the Sutra.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K244

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 楊樺;《尚書》德政思想及其文學表述[D];東北師范大學;2010年

本文編號：2214976