秦漢時(shí)期財(cái)政運(yùn)作研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-25 11:11
【摘要】：秦漢時(shí)期的財(cái)政運(yùn)作包括兩個(gè)層面,既包括財(cái)政體制、財(cái)政級(jí)別、財(cái)政官吏設(shè)置等內(nèi)部層面的運(yùn)作變遷,也包括受外部層面如政治環(huán)境、社會(huì)生活等影響下的財(cái)政運(yùn)作實(shí)踐,因此財(cái)政運(yùn)作的形勢(shì)變化是多層面、全方位、整體性的變化�，F(xiàn)以財(cái)政制度而言,雖然歷朝歷代屢有變化,但基本上都以秦漢制度為藍(lán)本,再以禁榷專賣、國(guó)家鑄幣、均輸市易等財(cái)政運(yùn)作方式來(lái)說(shuō),無(wú)一不是受秦漢制度的影響�？梢哉f(shuō),秦漢時(shí)期的財(cái)政運(yùn)作奠定了我國(guó)二千多年封建國(guó)家財(cái)政運(yùn)作體系的基本框架。本論文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,盡可能地利用傳統(tǒng)的歷史文獻(xiàn)和出土的簡(jiǎn)牘材料,借助于財(cái)政學(xué)、民族學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等多學(xué)科的理論和方法,深入分析與比較研究財(cái)政運(yùn)作在秦漢前后不同歷史時(shí)期的變化,考察諸如政治治亂、經(jīng)濟(jì)盛衰、軍事紛爭(zhēng)與民族和戰(zhàn)等因素對(duì)財(cái)政運(yùn)作的影響,以期厘清秦漢財(cái)政運(yùn)作發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),深入探究了它的演化與變遷的歷程。 本文包括緒論及三章內(nèi)容。其中,緒論部分首先分類介紹了學(xué)界對(duì)財(cái)政運(yùn)作有關(guān)問(wèn)題的研究概況與存在的問(wèn)題,認(rèn)為雖然與財(cái)政有關(guān)的論述大量存在,但真正切入財(cái)政運(yùn)作的論述尚不多見。第一章就秦朝開創(chuàng)了全國(guó)一級(jí)的財(cái)政體制、套獨(dú)立的財(cái)政系統(tǒng)以及一系列財(cái)政措施進(jìn)行總體論述,認(rèn)為秦朝賦斂過(guò)重過(guò)急、消費(fèi)性開支過(guò)快過(guò)大,都從根本上破壞了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力。第二章比較研究了西漢各階段的財(cái)政運(yùn)作歷程,認(rèn)為隨著土地兼并形勢(shì)的發(fā)展,地主、商人等豪強(qiáng)勢(shì)力不斷壯大,逐漸成為與政府爭(zhēng)奪財(cái)源的重要力量。對(duì)外與匈奴的關(guān)系一度牽動(dòng)了財(cái)政運(yùn)作的神經(jīng),比如漢武帝時(shí)期對(duì)匈奴實(shí)行的自衛(wèi)反擊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),就將國(guó)家財(cái)政納入了軍事財(cái)政的軌道。新朝為了應(yīng)付與匈奴軍事對(duì)峙的巨額開支,便將斂財(cái)?shù)哪抗廪D(zhuǎn)向工商業(yè)等領(lǐng)域,實(shí)施了范圍廣泛的六{f體制。第三章主要介紹東漢初年在政治上抑制豪強(qiáng)的擴(kuò)張,經(jīng)濟(jì)上卻為他們大開方便之門,官僚、地主與商人的勢(shì)力得以自由發(fā)展起來(lái),土地兼并與奴婢化問(wèn)題也更甚于前代。從東漢中后期開始,外戚與宦官輪流執(zhí)政以至宦官獨(dú)霸朝政局面的形成與發(fā)展,不僅造成了財(cái)政消費(fèi)性開支過(guò)度膨脹,地方的財(cái)權(quán)也逐漸被黑暗勢(shì)力所侵蝕,甚至用于平定羌亂的戰(zhàn)費(fèi)也成為貪官污吏掠奪財(cái)富的又一重要途徑。
[Abstract]:The financial operation of the Qin and Han dynasties included two levels, including the internal changes of the financial system, the financial level, the establishment of the fiscal officials, and the practice of the financial operation under the influence of the external level, such as the political environment and social life. Therefore, the financial operation of the situation is a multi-level, all-directional, holistic changes. As far as the financial system is concerned, although the successive dynasties have changed repeatedly, they are basically based on the Qin and Han systems, and then on the other hand, in terms of fiscal operation, such as banning monopoly sales, national coins, and losing money to the market, all of them are influenced by the Qin and Han dynasties' system. It can be said that the financial operation of the Qin and Han dynasties laid the basic framework of China's feudal state financial operation system for more than 2000 years. On the basis of the previous studies, this paper makes use of traditional historical documents and unearthed bamboo slips as far as possible, with the aid of the theories and methods of finance, ethnology, sociology, and so on. Deeply analyzing and comparing the changes of financial operation in different historical periods before and after Qin and Han dynasties, examining the influence of factors such as political chaos, economic prosperity and decline, military disputes and ethnic and war on the financial operation. In order to clarify the development of Qin and Han financial operation, deeply explore its evolution and vicissitude process. This paper includes introduction and three chapters. Among them, the introduction part firstly introduces the research situation and existing problems of the financial operation in academic circles, and thinks that although there are a large number of expositions related to finance, there are few discussions that really cut into the financial operation. The first chapter of the Qin Dynasty created a national financial system, set up an independent financial system and a series of financial measures for a general discussion, that the Qin Dynasty, too heavy and excessive collection of taxes, consumption spending too fast, too large. All fundamentally destroy the social productive forces. The second chapter compares the financial operation process of the Western Han Dynasty, and thinks that with the development of land annexation situation, the powerful forces such as landlords, businessmen and other powerful forces have gradually become an important force in competing with the government for financial resources. The external relations with the Xiongnu once affected the nerves of the financial operation, such as the self-defense war against the Xiongnu during the Han Dynasty, which brought the state finance into the track of the military finance. In order to cope with the huge expenditure of military confrontation with Xiongnu, the new dynasty turned its attention to industry and commerce and implemented a wide range of six {f system. The third chapter mainly introduces the Eastern Han Dynasty in the early years of the political suppression of the expansion of power, but the economic for them to open the door, bureaucrats, landlords and businessmen were able to develop freely, land annexation and slavery more than the previous generation. Since the middle and late Han Dynasty, the formation and development of the situation of eunuchs taking turns in power and eunuchs dominating the government not only caused the excessive expansion of financial consumption expenditure, but also gradually eroded the local financial power by the dark forces. Even the war money used to calm the chaos of Qiang has become another important way for corrupt officials to plunder their wealth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K232;F812.9
本文編號(hào)：2202704
[Abstract]:The financial operation of the Qin and Han dynasties included two levels, including the internal changes of the financial system, the financial level, the establishment of the fiscal officials, and the practice of the financial operation under the influence of the external level, such as the political environment and social life. Therefore, the financial operation of the situation is a multi-level, all-directional, holistic changes. As far as the financial system is concerned, although the successive dynasties have changed repeatedly, they are basically based on the Qin and Han systems, and then on the other hand, in terms of fiscal operation, such as banning monopoly sales, national coins, and losing money to the market, all of them are influenced by the Qin and Han dynasties' system. It can be said that the financial operation of the Qin and Han dynasties laid the basic framework of China's feudal state financial operation system for more than 2000 years. On the basis of the previous studies, this paper makes use of traditional historical documents and unearthed bamboo slips as far as possible, with the aid of the theories and methods of finance, ethnology, sociology, and so on. Deeply analyzing and comparing the changes of financial operation in different historical periods before and after Qin and Han dynasties, examining the influence of factors such as political chaos, economic prosperity and decline, military disputes and ethnic and war on the financial operation. In order to clarify the development of Qin and Han financial operation, deeply explore its evolution and vicissitude process. This paper includes introduction and three chapters. Among them, the introduction part firstly introduces the research situation and existing problems of the financial operation in academic circles, and thinks that although there are a large number of expositions related to finance, there are few discussions that really cut into the financial operation. The first chapter of the Qin Dynasty created a national financial system, set up an independent financial system and a series of financial measures for a general discussion, that the Qin Dynasty, too heavy and excessive collection of taxes, consumption spending too fast, too large. All fundamentally destroy the social productive forces. The second chapter compares the financial operation process of the Western Han Dynasty, and thinks that with the development of land annexation situation, the powerful forces such as landlords, businessmen and other powerful forces have gradually become an important force in competing with the government for financial resources. The external relations with the Xiongnu once affected the nerves of the financial operation, such as the self-defense war against the Xiongnu during the Han Dynasty, which brought the state finance into the track of the military finance. In order to cope with the huge expenditure of military confrontation with Xiongnu, the new dynasty turned its attention to industry and commerce and implemented a wide range of six {f system. The third chapter mainly introduces the Eastern Han Dynasty in the early years of the political suppression of the expansion of power, but the economic for them to open the door, bureaucrats, landlords and businessmen were able to develop freely, land annexation and slavery more than the previous generation. Since the middle and late Han Dynasty, the formation and development of the situation of eunuchs taking turns in power and eunuchs dominating the government not only caused the excessive expansion of financial consumption expenditure, but also gradually eroded the local financial power by the dark forces. Even the war money used to calm the chaos of Qiang has become another important way for corrupt officials to plunder their wealth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K232;F812.9
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 張啟琛;;論竇憲擊北匈奴[J];安徽史學(xué);1993年03期
2 蘇誠(chéng)擰;;漢元帝的儒生政治[J];安徽師大學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1987年03期
3 高旺;賴賤明;;簡(jiǎn)析漢初采用道家思想治國(guó)的原因[J];北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2006年02期
4 唐贊功;吳楚七國(guó)之亂與西漢諸侯王國(guó)[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1989年01期
5 張榮強(qiáng);從計(jì)斷九月到歲終為斷——漢唐間財(cái)政年度的演變[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年01期
6 薛振愷;試論漢武帝的斂財(cái)政策[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1997年04期
7 楊建國(guó),楊東晨;秦漢與匈奴的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)述評(píng)[J];寶雞文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1996年03期
8 李先富,董宇暉;我國(guó)的上計(jì)制度及其歷史演變簡(jiǎn)介[J];財(cái)會(huì)月刊;1999年02期
9 劉云 ,張傳明;我國(guó)西漢時(shí)期的財(cái)政上計(jì)制度[J];財(cái)會(huì)月刊;2002年08期
10 楊興龍;;從睡虎地秦簡(jiǎn)看秦國(guó)的上計(jì)制度[J];重慶工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年08期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 張小鋒;西漢中后期政局演變探微[D];首都師范大學(xué);2001年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 黃佳夢(mèng);秦移民及相關(guān)問(wèn)題研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2006年
，本文編號(hào)：2202704
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zggdslw/2202704.html
教材專著
