商代聚落體系及其社會功能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-25 09:18
【摘要】：聚落形態(tài)是運(yùn)用考古資料對社會形態(tài)進(jìn)行多層次的科學(xué)研究的一個重要方法，在歷史、考古學(xué)研究中具有越來越重要的作用。利用聚落形態(tài)研究中國古代特別是周秦以前的歷史，可以生動反映當(dāng)時人們的生存狀況及社會結(jié)構(gòu)，完整展現(xiàn)當(dāng)時社會的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化景觀，并可從一個獨(dú)特的視角反映當(dāng)時人類社會生活與地理環(huán)境、生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)聯(lián)。不同的聚落類型與文化內(nèi)涵是確定古代不同族屬分布活動范圍的決定性因素。 20世紀(jì)40年代，聚落形態(tài)研究興起于美國，進(jìn)而廣泛應(yīng)用于歷史、考古學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域之中。80年代以來，中國歷史、考古學(xué)界開始關(guān)注這一新興領(lǐng)域，在運(yùn)用聚落形態(tài)研究方法探討古代社會形態(tài)和社會組織結(jié)構(gòu)取得重大進(jìn)展的同時，在中國古代文明起源和早期國家發(fā)展及推動其他相關(guān)學(xué)科的研究上也起到了不可替代的作用。殷商聚落形態(tài)研究，，不僅有利于解決商代乃至三代時期許多相關(guān)問題，而且對于中國古代國家的起源、形成與發(fā)展的研究也有著十分重要的學(xué)術(shù)意義。對于學(xué)術(shù)界聚訟未決的一些問題如夏商時代的社會性質(zhì)、夏商周三族源流、中國奴隸社會的形態(tài)與發(fā)展、商代的社會結(jié)構(gòu)和政體、商代的基層社會組織和家庭模式、商代疆域及其與周圍部族的文化交往等問題的研究，都與商代聚落研究有密切關(guān)系。所以說商代聚落研究是先秦史研究尤其是商史研究的重要組成部分。本文以辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義為指導(dǎo)，運(yùn)用聚落形態(tài)的研究方法，首次對商代聚落進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的嘗試性研究。在某種意義上，揭示了商代歷史的一個橫斷面。筆者認(rèn)為，對于文獻(xiàn)記載匱乏的商代歷史研究來說，本文研究對于廓清商代歷史概貌具有積極的意義。 本文約30萬字，共分五章。 第一章 宏觀、系統(tǒng)地介紹國內(nèi)外關(guān)于聚落研究的發(fā)展歷程，明確本文的研究方法和意義，廓清相關(guān)概念，簡單勾畫出商代聚落體系的總概貌。 第二章 分析、論證商代中心聚落的基本形態(tài)及其社會功能，材料選取自學(xué)術(shù)界已基本達(dá)成共識的三大都城——偃師商城、鄭州商城、殷墟，詳細(xì)分析商代中心聚落的規(guī)模、總體布局、宮殿建筑形態(tài)及其作用、手工業(yè)種類及對商代社會生產(chǎn)的反映、居民構(gòu)成等，以此為據(jù)論證其政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化功能。關(guān)于中心聚落社會功能的論證是重點(diǎn)。 第三章 采取第二章的研究方法，分析、論證商代地區(qū)中心聚落的基本形態(tài)及其社會功能，材料選取自考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要聚落——如垣曲商城、東下馮商城、焦作府城、盤龍城、藁城臺西、濟(jì)南大辛莊、陜西老牛坡等。 第四章 選取伊洛河和洹河流域拉網(wǎng)式調(diào)查所獲商代大型村落、小村落的基本材料，分析歸納商代聚落體系中基層聚落的一般形態(tài)及其與各級中心聚落的主從、隸屬關(guān)系，再以甲骨卜辭中有關(guān)“邑”的記載作為本文所論的理論支撐，再從理論上分析商代聚落體系形成的 社會要素。 第五章集中、詳細(xì)地論證商代聚落的動態(tài)分布所直觀反映的商文化和商王朝勢力的消 漲、商代城市聚落的擇立要素及其社會功能的多元一體、盤龍城與早商政權(quán)在長江流域的勢 力擴(kuò)張、商代聚落模式及其所體現(xiàn)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)景觀等。對這些獨(dú)立成節(jié)的問題的理論探討， 都從不同側(cè)面對商代聚落層級及其功能作以闡述或總結(jié)，以增強(qiáng)全文的系統(tǒng)性和學(xué)術(shù)性。 通過分析，可將商代聚落劃分為四個等級:全國性中心聚落(即堰師商城、鄭州商城、 殷墟等王朝都城)、地區(qū)性中心聚落(盤龍城、垣曲商城、老牛坡、大辛莊、焦作府城等)、 大型村落(鞏義稍柴、平陰朱家橋等)和小村落。中心聚落是商王國的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中 心，是全國的統(tǒng)治中樞，商王室、公卿百官、王國軍隊(duì)駐扎于此，宮殿、祖廟社翟、王陵等 代表當(dāng)時的權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)、禮樂設(shè)施、等級制度的物化表征匯集于此，是國家權(quán)力、財(cái)富和時代 文化的象征。地區(qū)性中心聚落可分二部分:一為商王分封的王室成員的領(lǐng)地的統(tǒng)治中心，其 文化內(nèi)涵與面貌與王歌地區(qū)相同，反映了與商王朝密切的政治、文化關(guān)系;一為臣服的異幫 部族、受商王封號而形成的方國政權(quán)中心，由于原有文化因素的承繼及與商王朝松散的聯(lián)系， 在文化內(nèi)涵和文化規(guī)格上表現(xiàn)出以中原商文化因素為主、以土著文化因素為輔的混合特征。 作為地區(qū)政治中心，標(biāo)示著權(quán)力和地位的宮殿、宗廟、貴族墓葬等高規(guī)格文化設(shè)施也有遺存。 除了奴隸主貴族集團(tuán)、大量平民階層遺留下明顯的生活遺存外，奴隸也在此留下了明顯的生 活、生產(chǎn)遺跡。大型村落的規(guī)模和規(guī)格介于地區(qū)中心聚落和小村落之間，是商王朝和方(封) 國統(tǒng)治者聯(lián)系基層社會組織的中介，是統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)治理基層社會的代表或代言人，應(yīng)有承上啟 下的中層管理人員，反映了商王和方國諸侯建立的基層權(quán)力組織的狀況，其社會形態(tài)表現(xiàn)出 聚族而居、聚族而葬和簡單的等級劃分，居民以大量的平民構(gòu)成。小村落是一個個單一血緣 關(guān)系的氏族聚落，居民成分單一、社會地位平等，其社會經(jīng)濟(jì)生活以定居的農(nóng)耕為主、漁獵 為輔。在此，至今未發(fā)現(xiàn)奴隸存在的痕跡。小村落構(gòu)成商王朝最基本的社會組織，為各級統(tǒng) 治者提供各種生活物品(如農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品)和力役，應(yīng)有基層管理人員或結(jié)合宗族進(jìn)行管理。商 代聚落體系呈現(xiàn)金字塔式等級結(jié)構(gòu)，形成其自上而下的垂直管理體系，從而構(gòu)成?
[Abstract]:Settlement morphology is an important method of multi-level scientific research on social morphology by using archaeological data. It is playing an increasingly important role in history and archaeology. The political, economic and cultural landscape of the society at that time can reflect the relationship between human social life, geographical environment and ecological environment from a unique perspective.
Since the 1980s, Chinese history and Archaeology circles have begun to pay attention to this new field. They have made great progress in the study of ancient social morphology and social organizational structure by using the method of settlement morphology. The study of the settlement form of Yin and Shang Dynasties is not only helpful to solve many related problems in Shang Dynasty and even in the three generations, but also of great academic significance to the study of the origin, formation and development of ancient China. Some unsolved issues in the academic circles, such as the social nature of the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the origin of the three nationalities in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the form and development of the Chinese slave society, the social structure and political system of the Shang Dynasty, the grass-roots social organization and family pattern of the Shang Dynasty, the territory of the Shang Dynasty and its cultural contacts with the surrounding tribes, are all related to the study Therefore, the study of Shang Dynasty settlements is an important part of the study of the history of pre-Qin Dynasty, especially of the history of Shang Dynasty.Guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism, this paper makes a systematic and tentative study of Shang Dynasty settlements for the first time by using the method of settlement morphology.In a sense, it reveals the history of Shang Dynasty. In my opinion, this study is of positive significance to clarify the general picture of the history of the Shang Dynasty.
This paper is about 30 words, which is divided into five chapters.
In the first chapter, the author systematically introduces the development process of the settlement research at home and abroad, clarifies the research methods and significance, clarifies the related concepts, and simply outlines the general outline of the Shang Dynasty settlement system.
Chapter two analyzes the basic form and social function of the central settlement in Shang Dynasty. The materials are selected from three metropolitan cities which have been basically agreed by the academic circles: Yanshi Mall, Zhengzhou Mall and Yinxu. The scale, overall layout, palace architectural form and function of the central settlement in Shang Dynasty are analyzed in detail. The demonstration of the social function of the central settlement is the key point.
Chapter three analyzes the basic form and social function of the central settlements in Shang Dynasty by adopting the research method of Chapter Two. The materials are selected from the important settlements discovered by archaeology, such as Yuanqu Mall, Dongxia Fengcheng Mall, Jiaozuo Fucheng, Panlong City, Gaocheng Taixi, Daxinzhuang in Jinan and Laoniupo in Shaanxi.
Chapter Four selects the basic materials of large-scale and small villages in Shang Dynasty which were collected from the pull-net survey of Yiluo River and Huanhe River valley, analyzes and summarizes the general form of the grass-roots settlements in the Shang Dynasty settlement system and their relationship with the principal and subordinate of the central settlements at all levels, and then takes the records of "yi" in oracle bone inscriptions as the theoretical support of this paper. The formation of the settlement system in Shang Dynasty is theoretically analyzed.
Social elements.
Chapter Five focuses on the detailed demonstration of the Shang culture and the disappearance of Shang Dynasty power, which is directly reflected by the dynamic distribution of Shang Dynasty settlements.
Shang Dynasty's Urban Settlements'Selective Elements and Their Social Functions: Panlong City and the Early Shang Dynasty's Tendency in the Yangtze River Basin
Strength expansion, settlement pattern of Shang Dynasty and its political and economic landscape.
In order to enhance the systematicness and academics of the full text, the paper expounds and summarizes the levels and functions of Shang settlement from different aspects.
Through the analysis, the Shang Dynasty settlements can be divided into four grades: the National Central settlements (that is, Yanshi Mall, Zhengzhou Mall,
Yin Ruins and other dynastic capitals, regional centers (Panlong City, Yuanqu Mall, Lao Niupo, Daxinzhuang, Jiaozuofu City, etc.),
Large villages (Gongyi slightly firewood, Pingyin Zhujiaqiao, etc.) and small villages. The central settlements are in the political, economic and cultural context of the Shang kingdom.
The heart is the ruling center of the whole country, Shang Royal family, government officials, Imperial troops stationed here, palaces, ancestral temples Zhai, mausoleum and so on.
The materialized representations of the institutions of power, the facilities of rites and music, and the hierarchy of the time are gathered here. They are the powers, the wealth, and the times of the state.
Cultural symbols. Regional central settlements can be divided into two parts: one is the ruling center of the territory of the Shang Dynasty's Royal family, and the other is the ruling center of the Shang Dynasty.
The cultural connotation and appearance are the same as those of Wang Ge area, which reflects the close political and cultural relationship with Shang Dynasty; the first is the subordinate alien gang.
The tribe, the center of the Fangguo regime formed under the title of the Shang Dynasty, was inherited by the original cultural factors and loosely connected with the Shang Dynasty.
In terms of cultural connotation and cultural specifications, it shows the mixed characteristics of the Central Plains merchant culture and the aboriginal culture.
As a regional political center, palaces, temples, aristocratic tombs and other high-standard cultural facilities are also left.
Apart from the slave-owner aristocratic group, a large number of civilian class left a distinct legacy of life, slaves also left a distinct life here.
The scale and specifications of the large villages lie between the central and small villages in the region. They were the Hefang (feudal) of the Shang Dynasty.
The intermediary between the rulers of the state and the grass-roots social organizations is the representative or spokesperson of the ruling groups in governing the grass-roots social organizations, which should serve as a link between the past and the future.
The lower middle-level managers reflected the situation of the grass-roots power organizations established by the Shang King and the Fang Kingdom, and their social forms showed.
A small village is a single kinship.
Relational clan settlements have a single inhabitant composition and equal social status. Their social and economic life is dominated by settled farming, fishing and hunting.
As a supplement, there is no trace of the existence of slaves. Small villages constituted the most basic social organization of the Shang Dynasty and were unified at all levels.
Governors who provide a variety of living goods (such as agricultural and sideline products) and forced labor should be managed by grassroots managers or in combination with the clan.
The generation settlement system presents a pyramidal hierarchical structure, forming its top-down vertical management system, thus constituting?
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K223
本文編號：2202433
[Abstract]:Settlement morphology is an important method of multi-level scientific research on social morphology by using archaeological data. It is playing an increasingly important role in history and archaeology. The political, economic and cultural landscape of the society at that time can reflect the relationship between human social life, geographical environment and ecological environment from a unique perspective.
Since the 1980s, Chinese history and Archaeology circles have begun to pay attention to this new field. They have made great progress in the study of ancient social morphology and social organizational structure by using the method of settlement morphology. The study of the settlement form of Yin and Shang Dynasties is not only helpful to solve many related problems in Shang Dynasty and even in the three generations, but also of great academic significance to the study of the origin, formation and development of ancient China. Some unsolved issues in the academic circles, such as the social nature of the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the origin of the three nationalities in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the form and development of the Chinese slave society, the social structure and political system of the Shang Dynasty, the grass-roots social organization and family pattern of the Shang Dynasty, the territory of the Shang Dynasty and its cultural contacts with the surrounding tribes, are all related to the study Therefore, the study of Shang Dynasty settlements is an important part of the study of the history of pre-Qin Dynasty, especially of the history of Shang Dynasty.Guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism, this paper makes a systematic and tentative study of Shang Dynasty settlements for the first time by using the method of settlement morphology.In a sense, it reveals the history of Shang Dynasty. In my opinion, this study is of positive significance to clarify the general picture of the history of the Shang Dynasty.
This paper is about 30 words, which is divided into five chapters.
In the first chapter, the author systematically introduces the development process of the settlement research at home and abroad, clarifies the research methods and significance, clarifies the related concepts, and simply outlines the general outline of the Shang Dynasty settlement system.
Chapter two analyzes the basic form and social function of the central settlement in Shang Dynasty. The materials are selected from three metropolitan cities which have been basically agreed by the academic circles: Yanshi Mall, Zhengzhou Mall and Yinxu. The scale, overall layout, palace architectural form and function of the central settlement in Shang Dynasty are analyzed in detail. The demonstration of the social function of the central settlement is the key point.
Chapter three analyzes the basic form and social function of the central settlements in Shang Dynasty by adopting the research method of Chapter Two. The materials are selected from the important settlements discovered by archaeology, such as Yuanqu Mall, Dongxia Fengcheng Mall, Jiaozuo Fucheng, Panlong City, Gaocheng Taixi, Daxinzhuang in Jinan and Laoniupo in Shaanxi.
Chapter Four selects the basic materials of large-scale and small villages in Shang Dynasty which were collected from the pull-net survey of Yiluo River and Huanhe River valley, analyzes and summarizes the general form of the grass-roots settlements in the Shang Dynasty settlement system and their relationship with the principal and subordinate of the central settlements at all levels, and then takes the records of "yi" in oracle bone inscriptions as the theoretical support of this paper. The formation of the settlement system in Shang Dynasty is theoretically analyzed.
Social elements.
Chapter Five focuses on the detailed demonstration of the Shang culture and the disappearance of Shang Dynasty power, which is directly reflected by the dynamic distribution of Shang Dynasty settlements.
Shang Dynasty's Urban Settlements'Selective Elements and Their Social Functions: Panlong City and the Early Shang Dynasty's Tendency in the Yangtze River Basin
Strength expansion, settlement pattern of Shang Dynasty and its political and economic landscape.
In order to enhance the systematicness and academics of the full text, the paper expounds and summarizes the levels and functions of Shang settlement from different aspects.
Through the analysis, the Shang Dynasty settlements can be divided into four grades: the National Central settlements (that is, Yanshi Mall, Zhengzhou Mall,
Yin Ruins and other dynastic capitals, regional centers (Panlong City, Yuanqu Mall, Lao Niupo, Daxinzhuang, Jiaozuofu City, etc.),
Large villages (Gongyi slightly firewood, Pingyin Zhujiaqiao, etc.) and small villages. The central settlements are in the political, economic and cultural context of the Shang kingdom.
The heart is the ruling center of the whole country, Shang Royal family, government officials, Imperial troops stationed here, palaces, ancestral temples Zhai, mausoleum and so on.
The materialized representations of the institutions of power, the facilities of rites and music, and the hierarchy of the time are gathered here. They are the powers, the wealth, and the times of the state.
Cultural symbols. Regional central settlements can be divided into two parts: one is the ruling center of the territory of the Shang Dynasty's Royal family, and the other is the ruling center of the Shang Dynasty.
The cultural connotation and appearance are the same as those of Wang Ge area, which reflects the close political and cultural relationship with Shang Dynasty; the first is the subordinate alien gang.
The tribe, the center of the Fangguo regime formed under the title of the Shang Dynasty, was inherited by the original cultural factors and loosely connected with the Shang Dynasty.
In terms of cultural connotation and cultural specifications, it shows the mixed characteristics of the Central Plains merchant culture and the aboriginal culture.
As a regional political center, palaces, temples, aristocratic tombs and other high-standard cultural facilities are also left.
Apart from the slave-owner aristocratic group, a large number of civilian class left a distinct legacy of life, slaves also left a distinct life here.
The scale and specifications of the large villages lie between the central and small villages in the region. They were the Hefang (feudal) of the Shang Dynasty.
The intermediary between the rulers of the state and the grass-roots social organizations is the representative or spokesperson of the ruling groups in governing the grass-roots social organizations, which should serve as a link between the past and the future.
The lower middle-level managers reflected the situation of the grass-roots power organizations established by the Shang King and the Fang Kingdom, and their social forms showed.
A small village is a single kinship.
Relational clan settlements have a single inhabitant composition and equal social status. Their social and economic life is dominated by settled farming, fishing and hunting.
As a supplement, there is no trace of the existence of slaves. Small villages constituted the most basic social organization of the Shang Dynasty and were unified at all levels.
Governors who provide a variety of living goods (such as agricultural and sideline products) and forced labor should be managed by grassroots managers or in combination with the clan.
The generation settlement system presents a pyramidal hierarchical structure, forming its top-down vertical management system, thus constituting?
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K223
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條
1 徐倩倩;小清河下游商周制鹽遺址聚落考古分析[D];山東大學(xué);2011年
2 李琳杰;邯鄲地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村聚落歷史環(huán)境的人文解析與可持續(xù)再生研究[D];天津大學(xué);2012年
3 戴良燕;夏商西周宮殿建筑文化研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2006年
4 陸良虎;史前姜寨聚落遺址虛擬重現(xiàn)的研究[D];南京信息工程大學(xué);2012年
5 于成龍;魯北地區(qū)商周時期盔形器的初步研究[D];山東大學(xué);2012年
本文編號：2202433
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