17至18世紀(jì)清政府與蒙藏地區(qū)政治互動模式研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 13:16
【摘要】： 與傳統(tǒng)的邊疆民族政策史、民族史、清史、地方史研究角度有所不同的是,本論文從政治互動的視野,重新考察和詮釋了清王朝從后金時代起到順、康、雍、乾時期(約1616—1795),對蒙古族地區(qū)和藏族地區(qū)逐步實(shí)施政治統(tǒng)轄這一重大史事發(fā)生、發(fā)展與實(shí)現(xiàn)的過程,并運(yùn)用政治互動類型分析方法,逐一建構(gòu)并論述了清朝與蒙藏地區(qū)各部族政治互動的模式及其形成過程,認(rèn)為清王朝從后金時代起,就形成了利用藏傳佛教綏服蒙藏各部族、擴(kuò)大政權(quán)基礎(chǔ)以圖中原的戰(zhàn)略思維,先后展開與漠南蒙古諸部的相互博弈、建立了與西藏的早期積極互動聯(lián)系,在實(shí)踐中逐步與漠南蒙古諸部形成了以聯(lián)姻-結(jié)盟為主要內(nèi)容的漠南模式,入關(guān)之后,根據(jù)蒙藏各部族對清朝的態(tài)度和所處戰(zhàn)略情勢,與外喀爾喀蒙古形成了以政治綏服為主要內(nèi)容的漠北模式,與漠西蒙古和碩特部確立了以羈縻藩屬為主要形式的青海模式、與準(zhǔn)噶爾部形成了以武力對決為主要內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)噶爾模式、與土爾扈特部形成了以徠歸故土為主要內(nèi)容的土爾扈特模式,與藏地形成了從間接治理到直接統(tǒng)治的西藏模式,并依時勢的變遷由近及遠(yuǎn)一一綏服上述部族。 從清朝中央政府與蒙古、西藏三方的關(guān)系來說,清朝從關(guān)外時期就已建構(gòu)了一種比較明晰的動態(tài)三角互動模式,創(chuàng)造性地挖掘并運(yùn)用這種三角互動架構(gòu)特有的內(nèi)在機(jī)理,即利用蒙古和碩特部對清朝的順服關(guān)系,通過冊封該部首領(lǐng),實(shí)現(xiàn)以蒙治藏,達(dá)到了對藏地的間接管理;又通過邀請達(dá)賴進(jìn)京和對其進(jìn)行冊封,借助其宗教影響力控制和收服蒙古各部,即實(shí)行以藏傳佛教治理蒙古,又依勢相機(jī)采取蒙藏分離之策,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了對西、北邊疆民族地區(qū)的逐步收服和有效管轄。在管理上也創(chuàng)造性地采取了多重多樣的管轄體制和機(jī)構(gòu),實(shí)施了不同的民族地方立法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了較為良性的民族地方與中央政府的互動,達(dá)到較好的社會控制效果。 研究中特別注意從后金與蒙、藏民族政權(quán)實(shí)體和中原與邊疆民族(中原與四夷)、中央與地方等三個層面對清朝與蒙藏地區(qū)政治互動內(nèi)容的依次遞變和性質(zhì)的因勢嬗變,進(jìn)行了多層次多角度的挖掘,認(rèn)為清朝在關(guān)外時確立綏服蒙藏的相關(guān)戰(zhàn)略是其成功立國的開端,也是主政中原后成功治理西、北邊疆,實(shí)際上也是成功治國的基點(diǎn)之一。其中確立與蒙藏各部族不同的政治互動模式是靈活執(zhí)行這一策略的重要體現(xiàn),不失時機(jī)地駕馭和應(yīng)用動態(tài)三角互動機(jī)制是執(zhí)行這一策略的創(chuàng)造性試驗(yàn)與施展。 本項(xiàng)研究所采用的視角,所搭建的框架,為研究這一為史學(xué)界長期關(guān)注的老課題提供了一個新的切入點(diǎn)和觀察點(diǎn),研究結(jié)論也必將給人以多方面啟發(fā)。尤其為今天正確處理族際關(guān)系,消除不安定因素,穩(wěn)定邊疆民族與社會,建設(shè)與開發(fā)邊疆,構(gòu)建和諧民族關(guān)系,從而也為建設(shè)和諧社會提供一定的歷史啟迪。 全文由緒論、正文和結(jié)論三大部分組成。其中,緒論部分主要介紹了選題的旨意、國內(nèi)外的研究狀況及存在的問題、研究范圍與方法、研究重點(diǎn)與資料來源。正文部分,第一章,運(yùn)用政治互動的概念與類型,總括性的研討了明朝與蒙古、西藏展開政治互動的背景,構(gòu)建了明蒙、明藏之間的政治互動模式,分析了明朝控馭蒙藏關(guān)系的意圖及其失敗所產(chǎn)生的影響。第二章,論述了明末清初蒙藏地帶民族政治實(shí)體并立聳峙,明朝、后金、蒙古、西藏四大勢力介入角逐的態(tài)勢,分析了后金勃興之優(yōu)勢和其聯(lián)蒙立國戰(zhàn)略的形成、與蒙藏互動策略的創(chuàng)意和內(nèi)容,劃分并總結(jié)出清代前期與蒙藏地區(qū)政治互動發(fā)展的若干階段,為下文寫作做了必要的鋪墊。第三章至第五章,構(gòu)建了清政府與漠南蒙古、漠北喀爾喀蒙古,與漠西衛(wèi)拉特蒙古諸部,與西藏的政治互動模式,并從后金與蒙、藏民族政權(quán)實(shí)體和中原與邊疆民族、中央與地方等三個層面對各種模式生成的條件、過程,最終推行的管理制度,進(jìn)行了研究與勾勒。第六章,探究了在政治互動視野下蒙古因素、西藏因素(藏傳佛教)在清政府與蒙藏地區(qū)政治互動中的作用,分析了清政府與蒙古、西藏之間三角互動模式的內(nèi)涵、機(jī)制,動態(tài)運(yùn)行狀況,探討了清政府在三角互動中所處的主導(dǎo)地位。第七章(結(jié)論部分),對明、清兩代與蒙藏地區(qū)政治互動的策略、政策和成效進(jìn)行了比較研究,對清承明制的因革之處進(jìn)行了比較全面的分析,指出了清朝在治理蒙藏方面的獨(dú)到之處與創(chuàng)造性貢獻(xiàn),并對之進(jìn)行了多角度的定性與評價(jià)。
[Abstract]:It is different from the traditional frontier ethnic policy history, national history, the history of Qing Dynasty and the local history. From the perspective of political interaction, this paper reinspects and annotates the important history of the Qing Dynasty, from the Late Jin Dynasty to shun, Kang, Yong and Qian period (about 1616 - 1795), and the political governance of the Mongolian area and the Tibetan region. In the process of development and realization, the mode and process of political interaction between the tribes in the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas are constructed and discussed by means of political interaction type analysis. From the period of the Late Jin Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty has formed the strategic thinking of using the Tibetan Buddhist Suifu to hide the various tribes and expand the foundation of the political power. With the mutual game between the Mongolia and the southern Mongolia, the early active interaction with Tibet has been established. In practice, the Mo Nan model is gradually formed with the alliance and alliance as the main content of the southern and southern parts of the desert. After entering the customs, according to the attitude and strategic situation of the Mongolian and Tibetan tribes to the Qing Dynasty, the outer Mongolia has formed a political system with the outside of Mongolia. The main content of Suifu as the main content of the model, and the Mongolia and Shuo special department of desert West established the main form of Qinghai with the main form of detention, and the Junggar Department formed a model of Junggar with the main content of the force, and the turht Department formed a turht model with the main content of the native land, with the Tibetan land formed from the indirect. To govern the Tibet model of direct rule, and to adapt to the above tribes according to the changing situation.
From the relationship between the central government of the Qing Dynasty and the three parties in Mongolia and Tibet, the Qing Dynasty had constructed a relatively clear dynamic triangular interaction model from the outside of the Qing Dynasty, and creatively excavated and used the unique internal mechanism of the triangle interaction structure, that is, to make use of the obedience of the Mongolia and shuote to the Qing Dynasty. In order to govern the Tibetan area, the Tibetan land was managed indirectly, and by inviting Darai to go to Beijing and sealing it up, using his religious influence to control and accept Mongolia ministries, that is, to govern Mongolia by Tibetan Buddhism, and to adopt the policy of separating Mongolian and Tibetan from the potential camera, and finally realized the gradual acceptance and effective jurisdiction of the western and northern frontier ethnic areas. In management, it has also creatively adopted multiple jurisdictional systems and institutions, implemented different national local legislation, realized a more benign interaction between the national and the central government, and achieved a better effect of social control.
In the study, we pay special attention to the changes in the political interaction between the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas from three layers of political interaction between the central and the central and the Central Plains and the Central Plains and the local people, the central and the local people. The strategy is the beginning of the successful establishment of the country. It is also one of the key points of successful governance in the West and the northern frontier after the central government is in the Central Plains. The political interaction model, which is different from the Mongolian and Tibetan tribes, is an important embodiment of the flexible implementation of this strategy. A little creative experiment and application.
The framework adopted in this study provides a new entry point and observation point for the study of this old topic of long-term concern for the historiography. The conclusions will also be inspired by many aspects, especially for today's correct handling of inter ethnic relations, the elimination of unstable factors, the stability of the Border Nationalities and society, and the construction and development of the frontier. The construction of harmonious ethnic relations will provide some historical enlightenment for building a harmonious society.
The full text is composed of three main parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part mainly introduces the purpose of the topic, the research situation and the existing problems at home and abroad, the scope and method of the research, the focus and the source of the data. The text part, the first chapter, the use of the concept and type of political interaction, a general discussion of the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia, the Tibet exhibition. In the context of political interaction, the political interaction mode between Ming and Mongolia and the Ming and Tibet was constructed, and the intention of controlling the Mongolian and Tibetan relations in the Ming Dynasty and the effect of its failure were analyzed. The second chapter discussed the situation of the ethnic political entities in the Mongolian and Tibetan areas in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the four forces of the Ming Dynasty, the gold, the Mongolia and the Tibet, and analyzed the post gold. The advantage of prosperity and the formation of its alliance strategy and the creation and content of the interaction strategy of Mongolian and Tibetan, divide and sum up several stages of political interaction between the early Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas, and make the necessary paving for the following writing. Third chapters to the fifth chapter, the Qing government and Mongolia, the Mongolia in the north of the north, and the desert West Wei LA are constructed. The political interaction between the Mongolia and Tibet, and the political interaction model of Tibet, and from the three layers, such as the rear gold and Mongolia, the entity of the Tibetan national power, the Central Plains and the frontier ethnic groups, the central and the local areas, face the conditions, the process and the management system of the final implementation. The sixth chapter explores the factors of Mongolia in the view of the political interaction, Tibet. The role of the Tibetan Buddhism in the political interaction between the Qing government and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas, analyzed the connotation, mechanism and dynamic running status of the triangle interaction model between the Qing government and Mongolia and Tibet, and discussed the dominant position of the Qing government in the triangle interaction. The seventh chapter (the conclusion part), the strategies for the political interaction between the Ming and the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan regions, A comparative study of the policy and effectiveness is carried out, and a comprehensive analysis of the place of the Qing Dynasty is carried out, and the unique and creative contribution of the Qing Dynasty to the governance of the Mongolian and Tibetan areas is pointed out, and a multi angle qualitative and evaluation is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2171891
[Abstract]:It is different from the traditional frontier ethnic policy history, national history, the history of Qing Dynasty and the local history. From the perspective of political interaction, this paper reinspects and annotates the important history of the Qing Dynasty, from the Late Jin Dynasty to shun, Kang, Yong and Qian period (about 1616 - 1795), and the political governance of the Mongolian area and the Tibetan region. In the process of development and realization, the mode and process of political interaction between the tribes in the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas are constructed and discussed by means of political interaction type analysis. From the period of the Late Jin Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty has formed the strategic thinking of using the Tibetan Buddhist Suifu to hide the various tribes and expand the foundation of the political power. With the mutual game between the Mongolia and the southern Mongolia, the early active interaction with Tibet has been established. In practice, the Mo Nan model is gradually formed with the alliance and alliance as the main content of the southern and southern parts of the desert. After entering the customs, according to the attitude and strategic situation of the Mongolian and Tibetan tribes to the Qing Dynasty, the outer Mongolia has formed a political system with the outside of Mongolia. The main content of Suifu as the main content of the model, and the Mongolia and Shuo special department of desert West established the main form of Qinghai with the main form of detention, and the Junggar Department formed a model of Junggar with the main content of the force, and the turht Department formed a turht model with the main content of the native land, with the Tibetan land formed from the indirect. To govern the Tibet model of direct rule, and to adapt to the above tribes according to the changing situation.
From the relationship between the central government of the Qing Dynasty and the three parties in Mongolia and Tibet, the Qing Dynasty had constructed a relatively clear dynamic triangular interaction model from the outside of the Qing Dynasty, and creatively excavated and used the unique internal mechanism of the triangle interaction structure, that is, to make use of the obedience of the Mongolia and shuote to the Qing Dynasty. In order to govern the Tibetan area, the Tibetan land was managed indirectly, and by inviting Darai to go to Beijing and sealing it up, using his religious influence to control and accept Mongolia ministries, that is, to govern Mongolia by Tibetan Buddhism, and to adopt the policy of separating Mongolian and Tibetan from the potential camera, and finally realized the gradual acceptance and effective jurisdiction of the western and northern frontier ethnic areas. In management, it has also creatively adopted multiple jurisdictional systems and institutions, implemented different national local legislation, realized a more benign interaction between the national and the central government, and achieved a better effect of social control.
In the study, we pay special attention to the changes in the political interaction between the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas from three layers of political interaction between the central and the central and the Central Plains and the Central Plains and the local people, the central and the local people. The strategy is the beginning of the successful establishment of the country. It is also one of the key points of successful governance in the West and the northern frontier after the central government is in the Central Plains. The political interaction model, which is different from the Mongolian and Tibetan tribes, is an important embodiment of the flexible implementation of this strategy. A little creative experiment and application.
The framework adopted in this study provides a new entry point and observation point for the study of this old topic of long-term concern for the historiography. The conclusions will also be inspired by many aspects, especially for today's correct handling of inter ethnic relations, the elimination of unstable factors, the stability of the Border Nationalities and society, and the construction and development of the frontier. The construction of harmonious ethnic relations will provide some historical enlightenment for building a harmonious society.
The full text is composed of three main parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part mainly introduces the purpose of the topic, the research situation and the existing problems at home and abroad, the scope and method of the research, the focus and the source of the data. The text part, the first chapter, the use of the concept and type of political interaction, a general discussion of the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia, the Tibet exhibition. In the context of political interaction, the political interaction mode between Ming and Mongolia and the Ming and Tibet was constructed, and the intention of controlling the Mongolian and Tibetan relations in the Ming Dynasty and the effect of its failure were analyzed. The second chapter discussed the situation of the ethnic political entities in the Mongolian and Tibetan areas in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the four forces of the Ming Dynasty, the gold, the Mongolia and the Tibet, and analyzed the post gold. The advantage of prosperity and the formation of its alliance strategy and the creation and content of the interaction strategy of Mongolian and Tibetan, divide and sum up several stages of political interaction between the early Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas, and make the necessary paving for the following writing. Third chapters to the fifth chapter, the Qing government and Mongolia, the Mongolia in the north of the north, and the desert West Wei LA are constructed. The political interaction between the Mongolia and Tibet, and the political interaction model of Tibet, and from the three layers, such as the rear gold and Mongolia, the entity of the Tibetan national power, the Central Plains and the frontier ethnic groups, the central and the local areas, face the conditions, the process and the management system of the final implementation. The sixth chapter explores the factors of Mongolia in the view of the political interaction, Tibet. The role of the Tibetan Buddhism in the political interaction between the Qing government and the Mongolian and Tibetan areas, analyzed the connotation, mechanism and dynamic running status of the triangle interaction model between the Qing government and Mongolia and Tibet, and discussed the dominant position of the Qing government in the triangle interaction. The seventh chapter (the conclusion part), the strategies for the political interaction between the Ming and the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and Tibetan regions, A comparative study of the policy and effectiveness is carried out, and a comprehensive analysis of the place of the Qing Dynasty is carried out, and the unique and creative contribution of the Qing Dynasty to the governance of the Mongolian and Tibetan areas is pointed out, and a multi angle qualitative and evaluation is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K249
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 葉小琴;彭陟焱;;清代前期中央政府對藏傳佛教各派管理得失淺論[J];青海民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2013年03期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 丁楊梅;清朝西寧辦事大臣制度的建立與沿革[D];西北師范大學(xué);2010年
2 剛索南草;18世紀(jì)前期準(zhǔn)噶爾蒙古侵?jǐn)_西藏研究[D];中央民族大學(xué);2013年
3 楊鴻光;《西寧府新志》與清初青海經(jīng)略研究[D];西北民族大學(xué);2013年
4 張志宏;明清河湟地區(qū)地方行政管理體制研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號：2171891
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zggdslw/2171891.html
