本文選題：明清 + 中國(guó)與琉球　； 參考：《廈門大學(xué)》1998年博士論文

【摘要】：明清時(shí)期,琉球是一個(gè)與中國(guó)關(guān)系極為密切的藩屬國(guó)。自1372年中琉建立了正式的邦交關(guān)系后,兩國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易往來(lái)日趨頻繁,并在中國(guó)的海外貿(mào)易史上占據(jù)了重要的地位。 中國(guó)政府為中琉貿(mào)易的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了極為優(yōu)越的條件,不僅在政策方面予以琉球國(guó)最優(yōu)惠的待遇,而且還為琉球來(lái)華貿(mào)易提供了大量的海船。為了幫助琉球國(guó)發(fā)展朝貢貿(mào)易,1392年明統(tǒng)治者派遣帶有先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的閩人三十六姓移居琉球,使琉球國(guó)航梅造船技術(shù)一日千里地向前邁進(jìn),海上貿(mào)易力量不斷壯大,從而躋身于世界航海貿(mào)易發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)之行列。瞬息萬(wàn)變的海外貿(mào)易形勢(shì),也為琉球?qū)θA貿(mào)易提供了不可多得的歷史契機(jī),中琉貿(mào)易一崛而起,歷史地位日益突出。圍繞著中琉貿(mào)易的不斷發(fā)展,中琉兩國(guó)相應(yīng)的機(jī)構(gòu)諸如福建市舶司、琉球館、進(jìn)貢廠、會(huì)同館、琉球的評(píng)價(jià)司、天使館等逐漸完善,貿(mào)易制度也愈加健全。 中琉貿(mào)易的形式是多樣的,有冊(cè)封貿(mào)易,有朝貢貿(mào)易,還有私人貿(mào)易,并且出現(xiàn)了專門從事琉球貿(mào)易的福州商人,史稱球商。中琉貿(mào)易的內(nèi)容十分豐富,迄今史料記載中琉貿(mào)易的具體商品品名多達(dá)1134種。從這千余種的中琉貿(mào)易商品的變化來(lái)看,我們知道,中國(guó)政府對(duì)外貿(mào)易政策的變化、琉球社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展、日本薩摩藩對(duì)琉球的箝制、福建手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和商品市場(chǎng)的作用,都是中琉貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)變化的重要因素。中琉貿(mào)易的貿(mào)易額和利潤(rùn)率的估算,使我們看到這一貿(mào)易在中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易中所占的比重。 中琉貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,尤其在明代禁海時(shí)期,使得琉球在中國(guó)與東南亞諸國(guó)之間的中介貿(mào)易作用突出,同時(shí)在促進(jìn)福建手工業(yè)發(fā)展、商品市場(chǎng)繁榮方面,和琉球社會(huì)的進(jìn)步方面,都起到了十分重要的歷史作用。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Ryukyu was a vassal state with close relations with China. Since the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between China and Ryukyu in 1372, the trade between the two countries has become more and more frequent and occupied an important position in the history of China's overseas trade. The Chinese government created excellent conditions for the development of Sino-Ryukyu trade, not only to give the most preferential treatment to Ryukyu countries in policy, but also to provide a large number of ships for Ryukyu trade to China. In order to help Ryukyu develop tributary trade, in 1392, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty sent 36 Fujians with advanced production experience to emigrate to Ryukyu, so that Ryukyu's navigation and Mei shipbuilding technology moved forward by leaps and bounds, and the power of maritime trade continued to grow. Thus ranking among the developed countries in the world navigation trade. The rapidly changing overseas trade situation also provides a rare historical opportunity for Ryukyu trade with China. With the continuous development of Sino-Ryukyu trade, the corresponding institutions of the two countries, such as Fujian Shipongshi, Ryukyu Guild, tribute Factory, Huiguan, Ryukyu Evaluation Division, Angel Guild and so on, have gradually improved, and the trading system has become more and more sound. The forms of trade between China and Ryukyu were various, including canonized trade, tributary trade, private trade, and the emergence of Fuzhou merchants who specialized in Ryukyu trade. The content of Sino-Ryukyu trade is very rich, up to 1134 kinds of specific commodity names have been recorded in the historical records of Sino-Ryukyu trade up to now. Judging from the changes in these more than 1,000 kinds of trade commodities between China and Ryukyu, we know that the changes in the foreign trade policy of the Chinese Government, the development of the social productive forces in Ryukyu, the suppression of Ryukyu by Samofan in Japan, and the role of handicraft production and the commodity market in Fujian, Both are important factors in the change of commodity structure of trade between China and Ryukyu. The estimation of the trade volume and profit margin between China and Ryukyu shows us the proportion of this trade in China's foreign trade. The development of Sino-Ryukyu trade, especially during the period of banning the sea in the Ming Dynasty, made Ryukyu's intermediary trade between China and Southeast Asian countries prominent. At the same time, it promoted the development of Fujian handicraft industry, the prosperity of commodity market, and the progress of Ryukyu society. Has played a very important role in history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：1998
【分類號(hào)】：K248

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 余豐;十九世紀(jì)中葉以前廈門灣的歷史變遷[D];廈門大學(xué);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 臧文文;明清山東與琉球關(guān)系考述[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1977144