本文選題：明末清初 + 松江��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2005年博士論文

【摘要】：本文主要探討了明末清初社會變動時期,松江士人與地方社會的關(guān)系。在研究方法上,把士人群體放在明末清初地方社會的具體場景中,選取最典型的事例、最具有代表性的活動,如士人與明倫堂、地方社團(tuán)、社會保障及地方史的書寫來考察易代前后士人群體與地方社會關(guān)系的變化。 就士人與明倫堂而言,明倫堂本是作為養(yǎng)士教化的場所,明中后期士人利用通學(xué)力量來影響地方政務(wù),明倫堂逐漸成為士人活動的公共場所;而清初,學(xué)校更多的是教化之所。幾社為松江士人的雅集,其成員在地方上極為活躍,在明末有著明顯的經(jīng)世意識,對社會問題進(jìn)行品評;明清鼎革時,幾社成員也參與到復(fù)明運動中;清初,幾社成員或歸隱、或入仕,其成員及其后輩仍繼續(xù)社團(tuán)的事業(yè),只是在康熙年間大力打擊社團(tuán)勢力時,社團(tuán)才漸漸消散。在明末中央無力支持地方時,士人積極參與處理地方突發(fā)危機(jī),進(jìn)行社會保障,海塘修筑較多的是依靠地方精英勢力,體現(xiàn)了地方支配;而清初海塘的修筑,更多的是由國家統(tǒng)一治理。士人在明末撰修府志時有著明顯的地方傾向,敢于直言,對于地方事務(wù)多有評判,突顯地方特色;在清代府志的編纂中,士人群體并沒有太大的變化,參與修府志大多仍為幾社成員,同時集合了所謂的貳臣、遺民、隱士以及新貴,但府志的撰寫更多體現(xiàn)的是清中央一統(tǒng)的支配。 明中后期,尤其是在萬歷以后,士人對地方社會的關(guān)注明顯增加,一方面中央權(quán)力式微,對地方無力控制,另一方面在于此時士人上升相對困難,其經(jīng)世抱負(fù)更多轉(zhuǎn)為對地方社會的關(guān)注。社會的繁榮,政治的寬松,也為士人提供相對較好的環(huán)境,士人積極參與到地方事務(wù)中,對地方事務(wù)多有評論,其地方意識得到突顯。而在清政權(quán)的中央一統(tǒng)下,士人對于地方事務(wù)多是依據(jù)中央的指令,士人負(fù)有創(chuàng)建性的活動明顯減少,士人變得更加謹(jǐn)守繩墨。士人的轉(zhuǎn)變,一方面在于外力推動,清中央對地方統(tǒng)治的強(qiáng)化,另一方面士人自身也表現(xiàn)了一種自主,不斷調(diào)整以適應(yīng)新的社會變化。在明末清初社會變動時期,士人參與地方事務(wù)的方式前后有了較大的變化,但士人群體沒有太大的變動,基本上仍是士人及其家族后人。無論是明末地方支配、還是清初國家支配,士人延續(xù)了地方社會傳統(tǒng)的精英角色意識。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the relationship between the Songjiang scholars and the local society during the social changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In terms of research methods, the scholar group was placed in the concrete scene of local society in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the most typical examples were selected, and the most representative activities, such as the scholars and the Ming Lun Tong, the local organizations, Social security and the writing of local history are used to investigate the changes of the social relations between the scholars and the local society before and after the change of generation. As far as the scholars and the Ming Lun Hall are concerned, the Ming Lun Hall was originally a place for the cultivation of scholars. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the scholars used the power of general knowledge to influence the local government affairs, and the Ming Lun Hall gradually became a public place for scholars' activities; in the early Qing Dynasty, the schools were more places of enlightenment. Several societies are elegant collections of the Songjiang scholars, whose members are extremely active in local areas, and have a clear sense of social experience in the late Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the members of several societies also participated in the restoration movement; in the early Qing Dynasty, the members of several societies or recluses were retired. Or their members and their successors continue the cause of the club, only in the Kangxi years when the strong fight against the power of the community gradually dissipated. In the late Ming Dynasty, when the central authorities were unable to support the localities, the scholars took an active part in dealing with the sudden local crises and carrying out social security. The construction of seawalls depended more on the local elite forces and embodied the local domination; while in the early Qing Dynasty, the construction of seawalls was carried out. More by the unified governance of the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the scholars had a distinct local tendency to write and build the government official, so they dared to speak frankly, and they had more judgments on local affairs and highlighted the local characteristics. In the compilation of the official records of the Qing Dynasty, there was no great change in the group of scholars. Most of them are still members of several societies, and they gather together the two ministers, the recluse, the hermit and the upstarts, but the writing of the prefects mostly reflects the domination of the central government of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, especially after Wanli, the scholars' attention to the local society increased markedly. On the one hand, the central power declined and the local authorities were unable to control it; on the other hand, it was relatively difficult for the scholars to rise at this time. His ambition to run the world more attention to the local society. The prosperity of the society and the loosening of politics also provided a relatively good environment for the scholars. The scholars took an active part in the local affairs and had more comments on the local affairs, and their local consciousness was highlighted. Under the unification of the central government of the Qing Dynasty, the scholars mostly relied on the instructions of the central government for local affairs, and their creative activities were obviously reduced, and the scholars became more cautious in observing the ropes and ink. On the one hand, the change of scholars lies in the promotion of external forces and the strengthening of local rule by the central government of the Qing Dynasty. On the other hand, the scholars themselves also showed a kind of independence and constantly adjusted to adapt to the new social changes. In the period of social change in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the way of scholars participating in local affairs had great changes before and after, but there was no great change in the group of scholars, basically, they were still scholars and their descendants. Whether local domination in late Ming Dynasty or early Qing Dynasty, scholars continued the traditional elite role consciousness of local society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K248.3;K249.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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2 王大學(xué);明清江南海塘的建設(shè)與環(huán)境[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2007年

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2 祁志浩;明末清初民間慈善事業(yè)研究[D];云南大學(xué);2010年

3 戴含悅;《文奇豹斑》研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1866062