本文選題：宋代　切入點：倉廩制度　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：本文主要對宋代倉廩的類型、設(shè)置、倉糧來源與支出,倉廩的職能、管理及弊端等問題進行了比較系統(tǒng)的梳理,并在此基礎(chǔ)上概括了宋代倉廩制度的特點。 與中央集權(quán)的財政體制建立相一致,經(jīng)過宋初太祖至真宗三朝的整頓,宋朝建立起了從中央到地方的完備的倉廩體系。宋代州縣倉的管理制度遠比前代復(fù)雜,既設(shè)立專門的管理機構(gòu),又置有復(fù)雜的監(jiān)督體系,還制定了細密的管理措施。從加強中央集權(quán)的角度來看,宋代州縣倉的建立有力地保證了中央對地方財賦的控制。然而,從具體倉務(wù)管理來看,卻又弊端叢生,暴露出管理的非制度化及吏治的腐敗,這也是整個宋代倉場管理中普遍存在的問題。 宋朝統(tǒng)治者為防唐末五代之弊,逐漸建立起了龐大的官僚機構(gòu)和官僚隊伍。宋代實行募兵制,為應(yīng)對內(nèi)憂外患,軍隊的數(shù)量甚至超過百萬。養(yǎng)官、供兵,尤其是供軍的費用,給宋朝造成了沉重的財政負(fù)擔(dān)。宋代都城作為皇帝和中央政府百官僚屬所居、重兵拱衛(wèi)之地,軍隊數(shù)十萬,居民人口百萬,京師糧倉的建立為京師的糧食供應(yīng)提供了保證。宋代京師諸倉關(guān)系著京師的食糧供給和國家安危,因而受到統(tǒng)治者的高度重視,其監(jiān)管制度也非常嚴(yán)格、復(fù)雜。面對巨大的軍費開支壓力,軍隊糧食供給是倉儲的頭等大事,宋代京師諸倉、轉(zhuǎn)般倉、大軍倉、樁管米都主要是為儲備和轉(zhuǎn)輸軍糧而設(shè)。 宋朝是一個更加關(guān)心荒政的朝代,備荒倉廩建設(shè)成果斐然。宋代常平倉、義倉得到進一步發(fā)展,同時,還創(chuàng)設(shè)了廣惠倉、惠民倉、豐儲倉幾個全國性的備荒倉種。南宋時期,以社倉為代表的地方性備荒倉種紛紛涌現(xiàn),為備荒倉廩制度發(fā)展注入了新的活力。在宋代,最終形成了以常平倉、義倉等全國性備荒倉廩為主、社倉等地方性備荒倉廩為補充的備荒救災(zāi)倉儲體系。 隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,宋代倉廩制度在繼承前代的基礎(chǔ)上,有了更進一步的發(fā)展,呈現(xiàn)出新的變化,具有新的特點。宋朝的政治、軍事形勢決定了倉儲在整體功能上軍儲重于備荒；宋朝十分重視荒政,備荒倉尤其是地方性備荒倉得到了空前發(fā)展；隨著社會生產(chǎn)力的提高,商品經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,糧食的商品化日益增強,倉廩與市場的聯(lián)系更加密切；宋朝土地兼并、兩極分化嚴(yán)重,倉廩在協(xié)調(diào)貧富矛盾上也發(fā)揮著重要作用。隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和社會的進步,宋代倉儲救荒思想也有了進一步發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the types, setup, source and expenditure of granary, function, management and malpractice of granary in Song Dynasty are systematically combed, and the characteristics of granary system in Song Dynasty are summarized. Consistent with the establishment of a centralized financial system, the Song Dynasty established a complete granary system from the central to the local level through the rectification of the three dynasties from the early Song Dynasty to the True Zong Dynasty. The management system of county warehouses in the Song Dynasty was far more complicated than that of the previous generation. The establishment of special management institutions and complex supervisory systems, as well as detailed management measures, have been made. From the point of view of strengthening centralization, the establishment of county and county warehouses in the Song Dynasty has effectively ensured the central control over local property. However, From the point of view of concrete warehouse management, however, there are many disadvantages, which exposed the non-institutionalization of management and the corruption of officials, which is also a common problem in the management of storehouse in the whole Song Dynasty. In order to guard against the malpractices of the late Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties, the rulers of the Song Dynasty gradually set up a huge bureaucracy and bureaucracy. In the Song Dynasty, the recruitment system was implemented. In order to deal with internal and external troubles, the number of the armed forces even exceeded one million. It caused a heavy financial burden to the Song Dynasty. The capital of the Song Dynasty was inhabited by the emperor and the central government's 100 officials and staff. It was a place where the army was in the hundreds of thousands of troops and the population was one million. The establishment of the Beijing Shi granary provided a guarantee for the grain supply of the capital division. The various storehouses of the capital division in the Song Dynasty were related to the grain supply of the capital teachers and the safety of the country. As a result, they were highly valued by the rulers, and their supervisory system was also very strict. In the face of the huge pressure of military expenditure, military grain supply is the most important task of storage. In the Song Dynasty, all the storehouses of the capital division, the army storehouses, the army warehouses, and the pile-tube rice were mainly set up for the storage and transfer of military grain. The Song Dynasty was a dynasty that was more concerned about the desolation, and the construction of the barns was fruitful. In the Song Dynasty, the storehouses were opened frequently and the warehouses of righteousness were further developed. At the same time, several nationwide seed stores were created, such as Guanghui Cang, Huimin Cang, and Fengzhou-Storehouse. During the Southern Song Dynasty, The local reserve barns, represented by social warehouses, emerged one after another, infusing new vitality into the development of the barns system. In the Song Dynasty, the main national reserve granaries were formed, such as Chang-open warehouses, Yi-bin, and so on. Community warehouse and other local reserve barns for supplementary famine relief storage system. With the development of social economy, the granary system of the Song Dynasty has further developed on the basis of inheriting the previous generation, showing new changes and new characteristics. The military situation determined that warehousing was more important for military storage than for famine preparation in the overall function; the Song Dynasty attached great importance to famine management, especially the unprecedented development of local derelict warehouses; with the improvement of social productivity, the development of the commodity economy, With the increasing commercialization of grain and the closer relationship between granary and market, land annexation and polarization in Song Dynasty also played an important role in coordinating the contradiction between rich and poor. With the development of social economy and social progress, the granary also played an important role in coordinating the contradiction between the rich and the poor. The Song Dynasty warehouse relief thought also had the further development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K244

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