本文關(guān)鍵詞：論東察合臺汗國與明王朝的關(guān)系及其民族文化融合　出處：《西北民族大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 東察合臺汗國 明王朝 民族融合

【摘要】： 東察合臺汗國自公元1347年創(chuàng)立,到公元1680年被蒙古準(zhǔn)噶爾部所滅,前后延續(xù)達(dá)3個(gè)世紀(jì)。公元14世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì),是我國西北地區(qū)一個(gè)民族大融合的時(shí)期,處于這一時(shí)期之中的東察合臺汗國,無論是經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)、社會結(jié)構(gòu),還是文化藝術(shù)等,都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。東察合臺汗國地處東西交通的要塞,各種文化交流、融合,漢族傳統(tǒng)文化、中亞印度的佛教文化、伊斯蘭文化、北方游牧文化再次交相輝映,不斷影響著西北地區(qū)的少數(shù)民族及其文化,奠定了近代西北少數(shù)民族的分布格局,并最終形成了西北地區(qū)的多元文化。東察合臺汗國的歷史實(shí)際上就是公元14—17世紀(jì)后期我國新疆地區(qū)的歷史,是我國西北邊疆歷史的重要組成部分。有明一代,明朝周邊的民族關(guān)系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,既有北方與西北的蒙元舊勢力力圖恢復(fù)元朝的統(tǒng)治,又有興起于遼東的女真給明朝造成的極大威脅�？v觀整個(gè)明朝的歷史,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)如何處理周邊少數(shù)民族的問題一直是歷代明朝統(tǒng)治者所關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。東察合臺汗國與明王朝之間的聯(lián)系,始自明太祖年間。明成祖繼位后,遣官攜璽書、彩幣出使東察合臺汗國。雖然明朝與東察合臺汗國的政治關(guān)系十分密切,封賜其王,授予官職,但明朝只是從外部施加了影響,并未在汗國內(nèi)設(shè)置任何機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)轄,更未駐扎軍隊(duì),其汗王的嗣立及其他貴族的分封,官職的授予,都是由東察合臺汗國依蒙古習(xí)俗自行處置,明朝只是派使者賜印綬予以追認(rèn),并未從根本上進(jìn)行統(tǒng)轄。在東察合臺汗國與明王朝的關(guān)系中,一個(gè)最不可回避的問題就是對哈密的爭奪。圍繞哈密的歸屬問題,東察合臺汗國與明展開了長達(dá)半個(gè)世紀(jì)之久的爭奪,最終以明放棄哈密,退守嘉峪關(guān)一線為終結(jié),哈密最終落入東察合臺汗國之手。在這近乎矛盾的交往中,雙方的政治文化交流更進(jìn)了一步,特別是東察合臺汗國,境內(nèi)文化藝術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,不同的民族、宗教在此交匯融合,形成了以察合臺語為代表的燦爛的文化,并為維吾爾、哈薩克等民族的最終形成奠定了基礎(chǔ),其文化更成為中華古老文明的重要組成部分,為中古文明注入了新鮮血液。東察合臺汗國時(shí)期,是伊斯蘭教在西北地區(qū)發(fā)展那并確立主導(dǎo)地位的時(shí)期,也是新疆諸民族共奉伊斯蘭教的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。明代是我國西北地區(qū)一次大的民族融合時(shí)期,在這次民族大融合的浪潮中,東察合臺汗國起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。這一時(shí)期,東西商道暢通,民族遷徙頻繁,政治局勢比較穩(wěn)定,經(jīng)濟(jì)有了較大的發(fā)展,各民族通過政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化活動緊密地聯(lián)系在一起,加深了彼此的認(rèn)識和了解,由眾多的民族逐漸形成了幾個(gè)相對單一的民族,為中華民族大家庭增加了新的成員。
[Abstract]:East Chahetai khanate was founded in 1347 and was destroyed by the Junggar Ministry of Mongolia in 1680. It lasted for three centuries. East Chahetai khanate in this period is a period of great national integration in Northwest China, whether it is economic form, social structure, or culture and art. Great changes have taken place. Eastern Chahetai khanate is located in the fortress of east-west transportation, all kinds of cultural exchange, integration, traditional culture of Han nationality, Buddhism culture of Central Asia India, Islamic culture. The nomadic culture of the north once again interacts with each other, which constantly influences the minority nationalities and their culture in the northwest region, and establishes the distribution pattern of the minority nationalities in the northwest in modern times. The history of East Chahetai khanate is actually the history of Xinjiang in the late 14-17th century AD. It is an important part of the history of the northwest frontier of our country. There was a Ming Dynasty, the national relations around the Ming Dynasty were complicated, both the old forces of the Mongolia and Yuan Dynasty in the north and the northwest tried to restore the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. There was also a great threat to the Ming Dynasty caused by Nu Zhen, who rose in Liaodong. Throughout the history of the Ming Dynasty. We find that how to deal with the issue of the surrounding ethnic minorities has been the focus of attention of the rulers of the Ming Dynasty. The relationship between the khanate of Eastern Chahetai and the Ming Dynasty began after the reign of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty and the succession of the ancestors of the Ming Dynasty. Although the political relations between the Ming Dynasty and the East Chahetai khanate were very close, the Ming Dynasty only exerted influence from the outside. There was no authority in Khan's kingdom, not to mention troops, and the royal throne and other aristocrats, and the conferment of official posts, were dealt with by the khanate of Dongchahetai in accordance with Mongolian customs. Ming Dynasty only sent messengers to India to ratify, did not fundamentally rule. In the East Chahetai khanate and the relationship between the Ming Dynasty. One of the most unavoidable issues is the scramble for Hami. Around the ownership of Hami, the Han nation of East Chahetai and Ming began a half-century-long struggle, and finally gave up Hami with Ming. At the end of Jiayuguan pass, Hami finally fell into the hands of the East Chahetai Khan. In this almost contradictory exchanges, the political and cultural exchanges between the two sides took a step further, especially the East Chahetai Khan. With the rapid development of culture and art in China, different nationalities and religions converge, forming a splendid culture represented by Chahtai, and laying the foundation for the final formation of Uygur, Kazakh and other ethnic groups. Its culture has become an important part of the ancient Chinese civilization and injected fresh blood into the Middle Ancient Civilization. The period of East Chahetai khanate was the period in which Islam developed and established its dominant position in the Northwest region. The Ming Dynasty was a great period of ethnic integration in Northwest China, in the tide of the great national integration. East Chahetai khanate played a vital role. In this period, the eastern and western commercial road smooth, ethnic migration is frequent, the political situation is relatively stable, the economy has a greater development, the various nationalities through politics, economy. Cultural activities are closely linked to each other, deepen mutual understanding and understanding, from a large number of nationalities gradually formed several relatively single nationalities, for the Chinese nation added new members of the family.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K248

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