本文選題：墨子 + 政治倫理��； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國傳統(tǒng)倫理思想是中華民族優(yōu)秀文化的重要組成部分。它的一個重要特點是倫理思想與政治思想互為一體。即政治是具有倫理色彩的政治,倫理是以政治原則為中心的倫理。歷史上的思想家、政治家在闡發(fā)政治思想時,往往與倫理思想結(jié)合在一起。他們以倫理思想為價值規(guī)范,以政治思想為理想追求,形成了獨具特色的中國政治倫理思想。即以倫理準則規(guī)范人生,以政治理想變革社會,最后歸結(jié)到治國平天下。政治是指人們以一定的社會經(jīng)濟為基礎,圍繞特定的利益,依靠社會公共權(quán)力來實現(xiàn)特定利益的一種社會關系。倫理是調(diào)節(jié)人與人、人與自然,以及人與社會之間相互關系的各種道德標準。倫理是由一定的社會經(jīng)濟關系所決定,是一種社會意識形態(tài),屬于上層建筑。倫理在本質(zhì)上是一定的社會經(jīng)濟關系的善惡反映。政治倫理是人們政治生活中重要的價值規(guī)范,對一個國家的政治有著重要的影響。從廣義上講,政治倫理是指調(diào)整人與人、人與國家和人與社會之間政治關系的道德規(guī)范墨子是春秋戰(zhàn)國時期一位偉大的思想家。墨子結(jié)合春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的社會背景,提出了自己的一套政治倫理思想。墨子的政治倫理思想以堯舜禹古文化為思想來源,深受儒家文化的影響,封建制小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟是其產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟基礎,社會混亂,諸侯爭霸是其產(chǎn)生的政治基礎。墨子的政治倫理思想由以“兼愛”為核心的價值規(guī)范和以“尚賢”、“尚同”等為主要內(nèi)容的實踐理念構(gòu)成。價值規(guī)范主要包括:“兼愛”思想、“非攻”思想和“興利”思想;“兼愛”是平等的愛,是愛無差等,是一種人間大愛�！凹鎼邸笔菍Α叭蕫邸钡某�,具有超前性�！胺枪ァ狈磳�(zhàn)爭,主張用和平的方法解決問題�！芭d利”是“興天下之利,除天下之害”,要求統(tǒng)治者要維護人民的利益。實踐理念主要包括:“尚賢”思想、“尚同”思想、“節(jié)用”思想、“節(jié)葬”思想、“非樂”思想和“法儀”思想�！吧匈t”主張任人唯賢,打破等級觀念,國家要由賢者當政,這樣才能實現(xiàn)對國家的有效治理�！吧型币蠼詮姷闹醒胝�,維護國家統(tǒng)一�！肮�(jié)用”和“節(jié)葬”要求節(jié)約資源,反對浪費,減輕人民的負擔�！胺菢贰币蠖沤^統(tǒng)治者的音樂享樂,過度的音樂享樂會加重百姓負擔,影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)�！胺▋x”要求天下要有統(tǒng)一的準則,治理國家還要依靠法的力量。其內(nèi)容有豐富的積極意義,“兼愛”思想有利于實現(xiàn)人類平等,促進社會和諧;“尚賢”思想有利于選拔優(yōu)秀人才,給國家提供人才保證;“尚同”思想有利于維護國家的統(tǒng)一,保持社會穩(wěn)定;“節(jié)用”、“節(jié)葬”和“非樂”思想有利于減少浪費,預防腐敗;“法儀”思想有利于社會法制建設等。但是也有消極影響,主要體現(xiàn)在階級局限性和時代局限性,例如:“兼愛”不符合當時的社會條件,“節(jié)葬”觸犯了統(tǒng)治階級的利益等。墨子政治倫理思想的主要特點是:具有典型的平等主義,以“兼愛”為主要表現(xiàn),主張人們互利互愛,反映了人民渴望平等的愿望;明顯的現(xiàn)實主義,“兼愛”、“尚賢”和“尚同”等思想根植于當時的社會現(xiàn)實,也是為了解決當時的社會問題;濃厚的宗教色彩,“兼愛”和佛家的“普度眾生”有相似之處,“天志”和“鬼神”也帶有宗教特征;突出的實用主義,“兼愛”是為了實現(xiàn)社會穩(wěn)定和人與人之間的和諧,“節(jié)用”是為了減少浪費,減輕人民負擔等,這些思想在實際生活中都有很好的實用價值。深入學習和研究墨子的政治倫理思想,對于全面建成小康社會和世界共同繁榮有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義。主要體現(xiàn)在:“兼愛”思想有助于全面優(yōu)化改革,協(xié)調(diào)各個行業(yè)的利益關系,促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展;有助于“一帶一路”的實施,促進世界各國的共同發(fā)展。尤其是在當今世界局勢突變,利益紛繁復雜的背景下,就更應該倡導“兼愛”思想�！吧型彼枷胗兄谌嬉婪ㄖ螄腿鎻膰乐吸h,這對于維護國家的統(tǒng)一,樹立核心意識,加強全黨的團結(jié)具有重要影響�！吧匈t”思想有助于建成創(chuàng)新型國家,對于培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新人才和選拔創(chuàng)新人才有積極的參考。
[Abstract]:Chinese traditional ethical thought is an important part of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. One of its important features is the integration of ethics and political ideas. That is, politics is a politics with ethical color, ethics is the ethics centered on political principles. In history, the thinker and the politician tend to think about the political thought and tend to be ethical thinking. They want to combine together. They form the unique Chinese political ethics thought with the ethical thought as the value norm and the ideal pursuit of political thought. That is, to standardize the life of the Chinese political ethics, that is, to standardize the life with the ethical standards, to change the society with the political ideal, and finally to the rule of state and the world. A social relationship that relies on social public power to achieve specific interests. Ethics is a variety of moral standards that regulate the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and between man and society. Ethics is determined by a certain social and economic relationship and is a social ideology belonging to the superstructure. Ethics is essentially a certain social classics. The good and evil reflection of the economic relations. Political ethics is an important value norm in people's political life. It has an important influence on the politics of a country. In a broad sense, political ethics refers to the moral norms of adjusting people and people, people and the state and between people and society. Mo-tse is a great thinker in the period of the spring and autumn and Warring States period. According to the social background of the period of the Warring States period and the Warring States period, a set of political ethics thought was put forward. Mo-tse's political ethics thought was based on Yao, Shun and Yu ancient culture, influenced by the Confucian culture, the feudal small-scale peasant economy was the economic foundation, the social chaos and the hegemony of the feudal lords were the political basis of the political ethics. Mo-tse's political ethics was the political ethics. Thought is composed of the value norm centered on "concurrent love" and the practical idea of "Shang Xian" and "still the same" as the main content. The value norm mainly includes: "both love" thought, "non attack" thought and "Xing Li" thought; "love" is equal love, love is no difference, is a kind of human love. "Love" is "benevolence". The transcendence is advanced. The "non offensive" against the war and the peaceful means to solve the problem. "Xing Li" is "the interest of the world, except for the world", and the rulers are required to maintain the interests of the people. The practical ideas mainly include the idea of "Shang Xian", "still the same" thought, "saving" thought, "burial" thought, "non music" thought. Thinking and "legal instrument" thought. "Shang Xian" advocated the appointment of virtuous people, break the concept of rank, the state should be taken up with the virtuous, in order to realize the effective governance of the state. "Shang Tong" requires the establishment of a strong central government and the maintenance of national unity. "Saving" and "burial" require saving resources, opposing waste and reducing the burden of the people. " "To eliminate the musical enjoyment of the rulers, the excessive enjoyment of music will aggravate the burden of the people and affect the agricultural production." the instrument "requires a unified rule and the power of the state to rely on the law. Its content has a rich positive significance, and the thought of" concurrently love "is beneficial to the realization of human equality and social harmony; and" Shang Xian "thought. It is beneficial to select outstanding talents and provide national talent guarantee; the idea of "Shang Tong" is conducive to maintaining the unity of the country and maintaining social stability; "saving up", "burial" and "non music" ideas are beneficial to reducing waste and preventing corruption; the thought of "legality" is beneficial to the construction of social legal system, but it also has negative effects, mainly reflected in it. The limitation of class and the limitation of the times, for example, "concurrently love" does not conform to the social conditions at that time, and the "burial" has violated the interests of the ruling class. The main characteristics of Mo-tse's political ethics are the typical egalitarianism, "concurrently love" as the main manifestation, the mutual love and love of the people, and the desire for the people's desire for equality; The obvious realism, "concurrently love", "Shang Xian" and "Shang Tong" are rooted in the social reality at that time, as well as to solve the social problems at that time. The strong religious color, "concurrently love" and the Buddha's "all living beings" have similarities, and the "heaven" and "ghost" also have religious characteristics; the outstanding pragmatism, "concurrently love" "In order to achieve social stability and harmony between people and people," saving "is to reduce waste and reduce the burden of the people. These ideas have good practical value in real life. It is of great practical significance to study and study Mo-tse's political and ethical thoughts in order to build a well-off society and the common prosperity of the world in an all-round way. Mainly reflected in: the idea of "universal love" helps to fully optimize the reform, coordinating the interests of all sectors, and promote economic development; the implementation of help "The Belt and Road", promote the common development of all countries in the world. Especially the mutation in today's world situation, the interests of the complicated background, it should be advocated the idea of "universal love" is ". The idea of "the same" helps to rule the country by law and to strictly control the party, which has an important influence on maintaining the unity of the country, setting up the core consciousness and strengthening the unity of the whole party. "Shang Xian" is helpful to build an innovative country and have a positive reference for the cultivation of innovative talents and the selection of innovative talents.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B224

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