手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生自我控制缺陷及其機(jī)制
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-08 20:34
【摘要】：自我控制對于個體的適應(yīng)和發(fā)展具有非常重要的影響。以往的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)自我控制能力與吸煙、飲酒、過度飲食、吸毒等物質(zhì)成癮、網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮等行為密切相關(guān),這些行為的一個共同的有效預(yù)測變量就是自我控制,還有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)健康促進(jìn)行為與自我控制有較高的相關(guān)。 Baumeister等人在提出自我控制的能量模型的基礎(chǔ)上,把自我控制劃分為特質(zhì)自我控制和狀態(tài)自我控制,特質(zhì)自我控制多采用問卷進(jìn)行測量,本研究采用譚樹華和郭永玉修訂的自我控制量表進(jìn)行特質(zhì)自我控制的考察；而狀態(tài)自我控制是在自我控制能量模型的背景下進(jìn)行研究,自我控制能量模型主張：自我控制依賴一種有限的能量,執(zhí)行自我控制任務(wù)后自我控制能量會衰減,即“自我損耗”狀態(tài)；各種自我控制行為都依賴這種能量。研究者通常采用雙任務(wù)范式考察個體在損耗和非損耗條件下的自我控制能力。 手機(jī)成癮是近年來新出現(xiàn)的社會問題,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被社會高度重視。當(dāng)前關(guān)于手機(jī)成癮的研究多關(guān)注于手機(jī)成癮問卷的編制和手機(jī)成癮與某些人格特質(zhì)的關(guān)系。較少考察手機(jī)成癮者自我控制能力的特點(diǎn)。本研究擬考察手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生自我控制缺陷,并初步探討手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生自我控制缺陷的可能機(jī)制。本研究包括三個研究,研究一通過問卷考察手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生特質(zhì)自我控制的缺陷,研究二通過兩個實驗考察手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的狀態(tài)自我控制缺陷,研究三主要探討手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的自我控制缺陷的可能機(jī)制。 研究一通過手機(jī)成癮指數(shù)量表篩選被試,篩選控制組大學(xué)生被試128人,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生被試90人,分別對兩類大學(xué)生施測譚樹華和郭永玉修訂的自我控制量表,考察手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生自我控制的缺陷。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生特質(zhì)自我控制能力存在缺陷,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的特質(zhì)自我控制能力顯著低于控制組大學(xué)生。 研究二包括兩個實驗,研究2a采用雙任務(wù)范式,2(手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生,控制組大學(xué)生)×2(損耗,非損耗)的實驗設(shè)計考察手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生狀態(tài)自我控制的缺陷。首先通過手機(jī)成癮指數(shù)量表篩選被試,篩選手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生被試40人,控制組大學(xué)生被試54人,所有被試被隨機(jī)分配到損耗或者非損耗條件下,然后完成損耗后效任務(wù)。本實驗中損耗任務(wù)采用情緒抑制任務(wù),損耗后效任務(wù)為延遲折扣任務(wù)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),損耗主效應(yīng)顯著,交互作用顯著,進(jìn)一步簡單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),損耗條件下,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生狀態(tài)自我控制顯著低于控制組大學(xué)生,非損耗狀態(tài)下,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生與控制組大學(xué)生狀態(tài)自我控制差異不顯著。 由于手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生被試的特殊性,為了進(jìn)一步驗證研究2a的結(jié)論,研究2b采用不同的自變量和因變量指標(biāo)考察手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生狀態(tài)自我控制的缺陷。研究2b采用2(手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生,控制組大學(xué)生)×2(損耗,非損耗)的實驗設(shè)計,通過手機(jī)成癮指數(shù)量表篩選被試,篩選控制組大學(xué)生被試50人,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生被試42人,再一次驗證手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生狀態(tài)自我控制的缺陷。所有被試進(jìn)行Stroop任務(wù)的前測,其次被試被隨機(jī)分配到損耗或者非損耗條件下并進(jìn)行簡化情緒量表測量,最后進(jìn)行Stroop任務(wù)后測。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生和控制組大學(xué)生Stroop任務(wù)前測成績未達(dá)到顯著差異,對Stroop任務(wù)后測成績進(jìn)行方差分析和簡單效應(yīng)分析,在非損耗條件下,兩類被試的成績差異不顯著,在損耗條件下,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生任務(wù)成績差于控制組大學(xué)生,即手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的狀態(tài)自我控制存在缺陷。 研究2b和研究2a的結(jié)果均發(fā)現(xiàn),損耗條件下手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的狀態(tài)自我控制能力顯著低于控制組大學(xué)生,而在非損耗的條件下不存顯著差異。研究2a和研究2b關(guān)于損耗前后的情緒測量的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),損耗前,兩類被試的情緒差異不顯著,損耗后,手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生被試的負(fù)性情緒顯著高于控制組大學(xué)生。 研究三在研究二的基礎(chǔ)上,探討手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生自我控制缺陷的機(jī)制,被試為85名手機(jī)成癮被試,采用(積極情緒,中性情緒)×2(損耗,非損耗)被試間設(shè)計,自變量為損耗條件和情緒誘發(fā)條件,所有被試完成損耗(或非損耗)任務(wù)后接受積極情緒或中性情緒誘發(fā),損耗任務(wù)采用注意抑制任務(wù),而情緒誘發(fā)任務(wù)通過積極情緒圖片和中性情緒圖片分別誘發(fā)積極情緒和中性情緒,因變量為Stroop任務(wù)成績。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),相比于中性情緒誘發(fā),積極情緒誘發(fā)抵消了損耗組手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生自我損耗引發(fā)的消極情緒,而且在隨后的自我控制任務(wù)的成績與非損耗組無差異。該結(jié)果顯示,成癮大學(xué)生之所以存在自我控制缺陷可能是因為自我損耗引發(fā)了消極情緒導(dǎo)致。 本研究我們得出以下結(jié)論：(1)手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的特質(zhì)自我控制存在缺陷,其特質(zhì)自我控制能力顯著低于控制組大學(xué)生；(2)手機(jī)成癮大學(xué)生的狀態(tài)自我控制存在缺陷,僅表現(xiàn)在損耗狀態(tài)時,其狀態(tài)自我控制能力顯著低于控制組大學(xué)生；在非損耗情況下,其狀態(tài)自我控制能力與控制組大學(xué)生無差異。(3)成癮大學(xué)生之所以存在自我控制缺陷可能是因為自我損耗引發(fā)了消極情緒導(dǎo)致。通過對該消極情緒的調(diào)控,可以在一定程度上降低損耗效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Self-control has a very important effect on the adaptation and development of the individual. Previous studies have found that self-control is closely related to the behavior of smoking, drinking, over-eating, drug use, and so on. A common effective predictor of these behaviors is self-control. There is also a study of the high correlation between health promotion and self-control. Based on the energy model of self-control, Baumenister and others are divided into self-control and self-control, self-control, self-control and self-control. Based on the self-control energy model, the self-control energy model maintains that self-control is dependent on a limited energy. The amount of self-control energy after performing a self-control task is attenuated, that is, the "self-loss" state; a variety of self-control behaviors are dependent on this energy The self-control of the individual under the condition of loss and non-loss is usually investigated by the double-task paradigm. The mobile phone addiction is a new social problem in recent years, and is now higher in the society The current study on mobile phone addiction is more and more concerned with the development of the mobile phone addiction questionnaire and the addiction of mobile phones and some personality traits. The relationship is less than the self-control ability of the mobile addicts. This study is to investigate the self-control defects of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone, and to probe into the self-control defects of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone. This study consists of three studies, one of which is to study the defects of the self-control of the personality of the university students who are addicted to the mobile phone through the questionnaire. The article mainly discusses the self-control defects of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone. This paper is to study the self-control scale of the students in the control group and the college students, and to study the self-control scale of the students who are addicted to the mobile phone, and to study the self-control scale of the students who are addicted to the mobile phone. The result shows that the self-control ability of the college students of the mobile phone is defective, and the self-control ability of the college students of the mobile phone is significantly lower than that of the control The study of the college students of the group includes two experiments, and the study 2a uses the two-task paradigm,2 (the university students of the mobile phone addiction, the control group) and the "2 (loss, non-loss) experimental design to study the state of the university students of the internet addiction. The defect of self-control is to screen the subjects by means of the number table, and to screen the number of subjects who are addicted to the mobile phone, and to select the subjects of the college students. All the subjects are randomly assigned to the loss or non-loss condition, and then the test is finished. In this experiment, the loss task is the task of emotion suppression, and the after-loss task is lost. In order to delay the discount task, the result shows that the loss main effect is significant, the interaction is significant, the further simple effect analysis shows that under the condition of loss, the state self-control of the mobile phone addiction college students is significantly lower than that of the control group in that non-loss state, the university student of the mobile phone addiction and the control group of the university student status self The control difference is not significant. In order to further verify the conclusion of the study 2a, the study 2b uses the different independent variables and the variable index to study the college students of the internet addiction due to the special characteristics of the students who are addicted to the mobile phone. The defects of state self-control were studied in this paper. The experimental design of 2 (loss and non-loss) was used in the study 2b. The number of students in the control group was selected by the number of mobile phone addictions and the number of students in the control group was selected. 42 of the students who are addicted to the addiction, and once again the university students who are addicted to the mobile phone Status self-control defects. All subjects were tested for the Stroop task, followed by random assignment to loss or non-loss condition and simplified mood scale measurement, and finally S The results show that there is no significant difference in the pre-test results of the Stroop task in the college students and the control group, and the results of the Stroop task are analyzed by the variance analysis and the simple effect analysis. Under the non-loss condition, the scores of the two types of subjects do not differ. On the other hand, under the condition of the loss, the task performance of the mobile phone addiction college students is different from that of the control group, that is, the form of the mobile phone addiction college students The results of study 2b and study 2a have found that the self-control ability of mobile phone-addicted college students under the condition of loss is significantly lower than that of the control group, while in the non-loss condition The results of the study 2a and 2b on the emotional measurement before and after the loss found that the difference between the two groups was not significant before and after the loss. On the basis of the study of the two, the paper discusses the mechanism of the self-control of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone, and is tested as an addiction test of 85 mobile phones. It is designed and self-changed by using (positive emotion, neutral emotion) and (2) (loss, non-loss). The amount is the loss condition and the emotion-induced condition, and all the participants accept the positive or neutral mood induced by the loss (or non-loss) task, and the loss task adopts the attention suppression task, and the emotion-inducing task induces the positive emotion and the neutral mood through the positive emotion picture and the neutral mood picture, respectively, The result shows that the positive emotion evoked the negative emotion caused by the self-loss of the college students of the loss group compared with the neutral mood, and in the following self-control There is no difference between the performance of the task and the non-loss group. The result shows that the self-control defect of the addicted college students may be the result of the self-control. This study concluded that (1) The self-control of the personality of the university students of the mobile phone is less than that of the control group, and (2) the state self-control of the university students of the mobile phone. The state self-control ability is significantly lower than that of the control group when the defect is made, and the state is self-control in the case of non-loss. There is no difference between my control and the control group. (3) The problem of self-control of the addicted college students may be Because of the negative emotions caused by self-loss, through the control of the negative emotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
[Abstract]:Self-control has a very important effect on the adaptation and development of the individual. Previous studies have found that self-control is closely related to the behavior of smoking, drinking, over-eating, drug use, and so on. A common effective predictor of these behaviors is self-control. There is also a study of the high correlation between health promotion and self-control. Based on the energy model of self-control, Baumenister and others are divided into self-control and self-control, self-control, self-control and self-control. Based on the self-control energy model, the self-control energy model maintains that self-control is dependent on a limited energy. The amount of self-control energy after performing a self-control task is attenuated, that is, the "self-loss" state; a variety of self-control behaviors are dependent on this energy The self-control of the individual under the condition of loss and non-loss is usually investigated by the double-task paradigm. The mobile phone addiction is a new social problem in recent years, and is now higher in the society The current study on mobile phone addiction is more and more concerned with the development of the mobile phone addiction questionnaire and the addiction of mobile phones and some personality traits. The relationship is less than the self-control ability of the mobile addicts. This study is to investigate the self-control defects of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone, and to probe into the self-control defects of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone. This study consists of three studies, one of which is to study the defects of the self-control of the personality of the university students who are addicted to the mobile phone through the questionnaire. The article mainly discusses the self-control defects of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone. This paper is to study the self-control scale of the students in the control group and the college students, and to study the self-control scale of the students who are addicted to the mobile phone, and to study the self-control scale of the students who are addicted to the mobile phone. The result shows that the self-control ability of the college students of the mobile phone is defective, and the self-control ability of the college students of the mobile phone is significantly lower than that of the control The study of the college students of the group includes two experiments, and the study 2a uses the two-task paradigm,2 (the university students of the mobile phone addiction, the control group) and the "2 (loss, non-loss) experimental design to study the state of the university students of the internet addiction. The defect of self-control is to screen the subjects by means of the number table, and to screen the number of subjects who are addicted to the mobile phone, and to select the subjects of the college students. All the subjects are randomly assigned to the loss or non-loss condition, and then the test is finished. In this experiment, the loss task is the task of emotion suppression, and the after-loss task is lost. In order to delay the discount task, the result shows that the loss main effect is significant, the interaction is significant, the further simple effect analysis shows that under the condition of loss, the state self-control of the mobile phone addiction college students is significantly lower than that of the control group in that non-loss state, the university student of the mobile phone addiction and the control group of the university student status self The control difference is not significant. In order to further verify the conclusion of the study 2a, the study 2b uses the different independent variables and the variable index to study the college students of the internet addiction due to the special characteristics of the students who are addicted to the mobile phone. The defects of state self-control were studied in this paper. The experimental design of 2 (loss and non-loss) was used in the study 2b. The number of students in the control group was selected by the number of mobile phone addictions and the number of students in the control group was selected. 42 of the students who are addicted to the addiction, and once again the university students who are addicted to the mobile phone Status self-control defects. All subjects were tested for the Stroop task, followed by random assignment to loss or non-loss condition and simplified mood scale measurement, and finally S The results show that there is no significant difference in the pre-test results of the Stroop task in the college students and the control group, and the results of the Stroop task are analyzed by the variance analysis and the simple effect analysis. Under the non-loss condition, the scores of the two types of subjects do not differ. On the other hand, under the condition of the loss, the task performance of the mobile phone addiction college students is different from that of the control group, that is, the form of the mobile phone addiction college students The results of study 2b and study 2a have found that the self-control ability of mobile phone-addicted college students under the condition of loss is significantly lower than that of the control group, while in the non-loss condition The results of the study 2a and 2b on the emotional measurement before and after the loss found that the difference between the two groups was not significant before and after the loss. On the basis of the study of the two, the paper discusses the mechanism of the self-control of the college students who are addicted to the mobile phone, and is tested as an addiction test of 85 mobile phones. It is designed and self-changed by using (positive emotion, neutral emotion) and (2) (loss, non-loss). The amount is the loss condition and the emotion-induced condition, and all the participants accept the positive or neutral mood induced by the loss (or non-loss) task, and the loss task adopts the attention suppression task, and the emotion-inducing task induces the positive emotion and the neutral mood through the positive emotion picture and the neutral mood picture, respectively, The result shows that the positive emotion evoked the negative emotion caused by the self-loss of the college students of the loss group compared with the neutral mood, and in the following self-control There is no difference between the performance of the task and the non-loss group. The result shows that the self-control defect of the addicted college students may be the result of the self-control. This study concluded that (1) The self-control of the personality of the university students of the mobile phone is less than that of the control group, and (2) the state self-control of the university students of the mobile phone. The state self-control ability is significantly lower than that of the control group when the defect is made, and the state is self-control in the case of non-loss. There is no difference between my control and the control group. (3) The problem of self-control of the addicted college students may be Because of the negative emotions caused by self-loss, through the control of the negative emotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
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