【摘要】：背景：先天性失歌癥是一種缺乏最基本的音高辨別能力,并且表現(xiàn)出以領(lǐng)悟和表達(dá)音樂有困難為特點(diǎn)的終生失調(diào)。人群中大約有4%的個(gè)體存在這種音樂感知能力的缺陷。失歌癥者具有正常的生活能力,但其潛在的獨(dú)特大腦結(jié)構(gòu)仍然對我們了解這個(gè)人群特點(diǎn)甚至認(rèn)識(shí)人類的大腦有著重要的意義。音樂認(rèn)知與空間認(rèn)知能力存在著一定的聯(lián)系,音高的一個(gè)可能的高層次的代表性構(gòu)成就是空間。然而目前有關(guān)失歌癥者的空間認(rèn)知能力是否存在缺陷仍然沒有統(tǒng)一的結(jié)論。 目的：從行為學(xué)和電生理學(xué)層面探討失歌癥者在音高感知方面的缺陷是否已經(jīng)波及到其空間認(rèn)知能力,從而進(jìn)一步分析失歌癥者的空間認(rèn)知加工過程,為失歌癥者空間認(rèn)知加工特點(diǎn)的研究提供電生理學(xué)的研究支持。 方法：通過MBEA測驗(yàn)篩選失歌癥組(18人)和正常組被試(27人),并采用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)進(jìn)行心理旋轉(zhuǎn)任務(wù)的實(shí)驗(yàn),分析兩組被試在行為學(xué)和電生理指標(biāo)上的差異。 結(jié)果：行為學(xué)結(jié)果表明,失歌癥組與對照組被試在心理旋轉(zhuǎn)任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時(shí)和正確率上均無顯著性組間差異(p0.05),也無顯著的組間和組內(nèi)因素之間的交互作用(p0.05),但兩組被試均表現(xiàn)出隨著旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的增加反應(yīng)時(shí)增加而正確率下降的角度效應(yīng)(p0.01)；在ERPs結(jié)果中,失歌癥組被試與對照組被試在P300波幅上也沒有顯著的組間差異(p0.05),在電極點(diǎn)上,Pz點(diǎn)比P3、P4點(diǎn)的波幅更大。 結(jié)論： (1)失歌癥的空間認(rèn)知能力表現(xiàn)與正常人相同,均表現(xiàn)為隨著任務(wù)難度增加其反應(yīng)時(shí)增加而正確率減少,即沒有因?yàn)橐舾吒兄芰Φ娜毕莅殡S空間認(rèn)知能力的缺損； (2)失歌癥者在進(jìn)行空間心理旋轉(zhuǎn)任務(wù)時(shí),其認(rèn)知加工過程與正常人一致,并沒有表現(xiàn)出比常人投入更多的認(rèn)知資源； (3)在空間認(rèn)知加工過程中,大腦頂葉中區(qū)承擔(dān)了更大的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷。
[Abstract]:Background: congenital aphasia is a lifelong disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding and expressing music, which lacks the most basic pitch discrimination. About 4% of the individuals in the population have this defect in music perception. People with aphasia have normal living ability, but their potential unique brain structure is still of great significance for us to understand the characteristics of this population and even to understand the human brain. There is a certain relationship between music cognition and spatial cognitive ability, and one of the possible high-level representativeness of pitch is space. However, there is still no unified conclusion on whether there are defects in the spatial cognitive ability of people with aphasia. Objective: to explore whether the defects of aphasia in pitch perception have affected their spatial cognitive ability from the aspects of behavior and electrophysiology, so as to further analyze the spatial cognitive processing process of aphasia, and to provide electrophysiological support for the study of spatial cognitive processing characteristics of aphasia. Methods: MBEA test was used to screen 18 subjects in aphasia group and 27 subjects in normal group. Event-related potential technique was used to carry out the experiment of psychological rotation task, and the differences in behavior and electrophysiological indexes between the two groups were analyzed. Results: the results of behavior showed that there was no significant difference in the response time and correct rate of psychological rotation task between the aphasia group and the control group (p0.05), and there was no significant interaction between the two groups (p0.05). However, the two groups showed the angle effect that the correct rate decreased with the increase of rotation angle (p0.01). In the results of ERPs, there was no significant difference in the amplitude of P300 between the aphasia group and the control group (p0.05). At the electric pole, the amplitude of Pz point was larger than that of P3 and P4 points. Conclusion: (1) the spatial cognitive ability of aphasia is the same as that of normal people, which shows that the correct rate decreases with the increase of task difficulty, that is to say, it is not accompanied by the defect of spatial cognitive ability because of the defect of pitch perception ability. (2) when the patients with aphasia carried out the task of spatial psychological rotation, their cognitive processing process was consistent with that of normal people, and did not invest more cognitive resources than ordinary people. (3) in the process of spatial cognitive processing, the middle parietal lobe assumed a greater cognitive load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.1

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