發(fā)布時間：2019-06-27 15:41

【摘要】：美國心理史學興起于20世紀中葉，在80年代迎來創(chuàng)作高峰，它試圖通過心理學的方法認識歷史，總結(jié)出一套有關(guān)人類社會的發(fā)展規(guī)律，對跨學科歷史研究做出了重大貢獻。其中勞埃德·德莫斯在構(gòu)建心理史學理論以及心理史學創(chuàng)作的具體實踐上都發(fā)揮了重要作用，提出了一套由“童年歷史——個體心理——群體心理——自然現(xiàn)實”循環(huán)組成的歷史觀。 本文結(jié)合美國心理史學的幾部重要著作以及若干重要論文，從美國心理史學的理論來源入手，就其歷史淵源、理論基礎(chǔ)和演變過程以及對當代新史學的影響進行分析。文章的主要線索即美國心理史學發(fā)展的時間脈絡(luò)。 文章分為七個部分，，序言部分主要說明論文選題的緣由和意義、國內(nèi)外研究綜述、論文的相關(guān)核心概念界定等。而最后的附錄部分，則是就有關(guān)心理史學或心理學的專業(yè)術(shù)語進行解釋，方便讀者閱讀。 第一章討論20世紀50年代至60年代的美國心理史學，表現(xiàn)為美國心理史學的興起階段。重點討論美國心理史學的理論來源，其中包括菲利普·阿里耶斯與愛麗絲·米勒的童年歷史研究，埃里克森的心理傳記學研究以及新精神分析學所強調(diào)的群體潛意識等為美國心理史學帶來的新變化。 第二章討論20世紀70年代至80年代的美國心理史學，表現(xiàn)為美國心理史學學派的形成階段。強調(diào)勞埃德·德莫斯對心理史學完整的理論建構(gòu)，即童年歷史，心理傳記學和群體心理史學三大研究領(lǐng)域的奠基。同時介紹德莫斯的心理史學實踐成果，重點介紹了《心理史學基礎(chǔ)》與《國家情緒生活》兩本著作，總結(jié)了德莫斯心理史學的主要觀點。 第三章討論20世紀80年代初到20世紀末的美國心理史學，表現(xiàn)為美國心理史學的徘徊期。美國心理史學遭遇眾多學派的挑戰(zhàn)，其中包括來自其他社會科學的外部攻擊，以及來自于歷史學內(nèi)部同行的非難。同時心理史學也在論戰(zhàn)中繼續(xù)完善理論，發(fā)展組織，并在其傳統(tǒng)的三大研究領(lǐng)域，即童年歷史，心理傳記學和群體心理史學方面取得不同程度的研究突破。 第四章討論21世紀至今的美國心理史學，這部分是本文重點討論的內(nèi)容，首先討論新世紀的心理史學家如何就恐怖主義、宗教迷信等問題展開研究與實踐。隨后展示美國心理史學在傳統(tǒng)三大研究領(lǐng)域的新理論與新成果。 第五章則對美國心理史學進行思考，首先對心理史學學科的大前提進行思考，然后遞進到兩個層次的思考，即對以埃里克森為首的傳統(tǒng)美國心理史學的思考以及對德莫斯為代表的美國新心理史學的思考。從批判的角度對美國心理史學做總體認知。
[Abstract]:American psychological historiography rose in the middle of the 20th century and ushered in the peak of creation in the 1980s. It tried to understand history through psychological methods, summed up a set of laws related to the development of human society, and made great contributions to interdisciplinary historical research. Lloyd de Moss played an important role in the construction of psychological historiography theory and the concrete practice of psychological historiography creation, and put forward a set of historical views composed of "childhood history-individual psychology-group psychology-natural reality" cycle. Based on several important works and papers of American psychological historiography, this paper analyzes its historical origin, theoretical basis and evolution process, as well as its influence on contemporary new historiography, starting with the theoretical source of American psychological historiography. The main clue of the article is the time context of the development of American psychological historiography. The article is divided into seven parts, the preface mainly explains the reason and significance of the topic selection, the summary of research at home and abroad, the definition of the related core concepts of the paper and so on. The last appendix is to explain the professional terms of psychological historiography or psychology to facilitate readers to read. The first chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from 1950 s to 1960 s, which shows the rise stage of American psychological historiography. This paper focuses on the theoretical sources of American psychological historiography, including the study of childhood history by Philip Aries and Alice Miller, the study of psychological biography by Eriksson and the group subconscious consciousness emphasized by the new psychoanalysis, which have brought about new changes in American psychological historiography. The second chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from 1970s to 1980s, which is manifested in the formation stage of American psychological historiography school. This paper emphasizes Lloyd de Moss's complete theoretical construction of psychological historiography, that is, childhood history, psychological biography and group psychological historiography. At the same time, this paper introduces the practical achievements of Demos' psychological historiography, with emphasis on "the basis of Psychological historiography" and "National emotional Life", and sums up the main viewpoints of Demos Psychological historiography. The third chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from the early 1980s to the end of the 20th century, which is manifested in the wandering period of American psychological historiography. American psychological historiography has been challenged by many schools, including external attacks from other social sciences and criticism from its internal counterparts in history. At the same time, psychological historiography also continues to improve the theory and develop the organization in the debate, and has made different degrees of research breakthroughs in its three traditional research fields, namely, childhood history, psychological biography and group psychological historiography. The fourth chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from the 21st century to the present, which is the focus of this paper. First of all, it discusses how psychological historians in the new century carry out research and practice on terrorism, religious superstition and other issues. Then it shows the new theories and achievements of American psychological historiography in the three traditional research fields. The fifth chapter thinks about American psychological historiography, first of all, thinking about the premise of psychological historiography, and then moving forward to two levels of thinking, that is, the thinking of traditional American psychological historiography led by Eriksson and the thinking of the new American psychological historiography represented by Demos. This paper makes an overall understanding of American psychological historiography from a critical point of view.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B84-09

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本文編號：2506925