【摘要】：自主性動(dòng)機(jī)(autonomous motivation)是個(gè)體出于自己的興趣或個(gè)人信念而自由選擇從事某項(xiàng)行為的動(dòng)機(jī)(VansteenkisteSheldon,2006)。近年來,心理學(xué)界對(duì)自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的研究已經(jīng)涉及到了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與教育、心理咨詢與治療、企業(yè)管理等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,自主性動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)于個(gè)體的積極作用也已經(jīng)得到了廣泛證實(shí)。關(guān)于自主性動(dòng)的研究既能促進(jìn)自我決定理論的發(fā)展,又能為教育、管理等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)踐提供參考和借鑒意義。但是已有的用于測量自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的工具多數(shù)只能用于測量某一具體領(lǐng)域或具體任務(wù)情境下的自主性動(dòng)機(jī),無法對(duì)個(gè)體日常生活中的自主性動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行測量。因此,本研究首先將結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)資料和已有的測驗(yàn)量表,編制出可用于反映成人日常生活中自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的量表。為了開發(fā)這個(gè)測驗(yàn)量表,本研究首先對(duì)自主性動(dòng)機(jī)概念進(jìn)行分析,提出自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的操作定義;然后收集所有自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的測驗(yàn)量表,選取其中符合理論構(gòu)想的部分組成初始量表,在預(yù)測試的基礎(chǔ)上篩選測驗(yàn)題目,組成正式測驗(yàn);之后進(jìn)行復(fù)測,分析正式量表的結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)收集測驗(yàn)量表的信效度等測量學(xué)指標(biāo)。然后,根據(jù)理論上自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的影響因素及各變量之間的關(guān)系,實(shí)際運(yùn)用所編量表,探討父母自主支持對(duì)自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的影響,以及基本心理需要在其中的中介作用,進(jìn)一步說明本量表在理論上的合理性及使用中的穩(wěn)定性。本研究由兩個(gè)研究組成:研究一:通過文獻(xiàn)分析和與相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專家進(jìn)行討論,參考已有測量工具,編制《自主性動(dòng)機(jī)量表(初測版)》。選取296名大學(xué)生被試進(jìn)行預(yù)測試。對(duì)測量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行探索性因子分析,結(jié)合分析結(jié)果,初步確定《自主性動(dòng)機(jī)量表》的基本維度,并對(duì)若干題目進(jìn)行調(diào)整或刪除,最終形成《自主性動(dòng)機(jī)量表(正式版)》。然后,另外選取272名大學(xué)生進(jìn)行正式測試,收集關(guān)于量表內(nèi)部一致性信度、結(jié)構(gòu)效度、效標(biāo)效度等檢驗(yàn)指標(biāo),最終形成《自主性動(dòng)機(jī)量表》。研究二:采用研究一編制的《自主性動(dòng)機(jī)量表》和《父母自主支持問卷》、《基本需要滿足量表》等對(duì)大學(xué)生被試進(jìn)行測量。探討自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的影響因素,包括父母自主支持、基本心理需要、家庭社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位、人口學(xué)變量等,以及心理需要在父母自主支持與自主性動(dòng)機(jī)中的中介作用。兩個(gè)研究得到的主要結(jié)論如下:1本研究所編制的《自主性動(dòng)機(jī)量表》具有良好的內(nèi)部一致性信度、結(jié)構(gòu)效度和外部效度,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均符合心理測量學(xué)相關(guān)要求,可用于測量成人日常生活中的自主性動(dòng)機(jī)。2自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)由四個(gè)維度構(gòu)成——意愿性、興趣性、認(rèn)同性和挑戰(zhàn)性。本研究所界定的自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的四維度結(jié)構(gòu),在理論層面和測量學(xué)層面上均是合理的。3作為重要的環(huán)境變量,父母自主支持對(duì)自主性動(dòng)機(jī)有正向預(yù)測作用,且這種作用是通過基本心理需要的中介作用實(shí)現(xiàn)的。未發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位與自主性動(dòng)機(jī)的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Autonomous motivation (autonomous motivation) is the motivation (VansteenkisteSheldon,2006) for individuals to freely choose to engage in certain behaviors out of their own interests or personal beliefs. In recent years, the research on autonomous motivation in psychology has covered many fields, such as students' learning and education, psychological counseling and treatment, enterprise management and so on. The positive role of autonomous motivation in individuals has also been widely confirmed. The study of autonomous motion can not only promote the development of self-determination theory, but also provide reference and reference significance for the practice of education, management and other related fields. However, most of the existing tools to measure autonomous motivation can only be used to measure autonomous motivation in a specific field or specific task situation, and can not measure the autonomous motivation in individual daily life. Therefore, this study will first combine the literature and the existing scales to develop a scale that can be used to reflect the autonomous motivation in adult daily life. In order to develop the scale, this study first analyzes the concept of autonomous motivation and puts forward the operational definition of autonomous motivation. Then all the scales of autonomous motivation are collected, and the parts that accord with the theoretical conception are selected to form the initial scale. On the basis of the predictive test, the test questions are screened and the formal test is formed. After that, the structure of the formal scale was analyzed, and the reliability and validity of the scale were collected. Then, according to the influencing factors of autonomous motivation in theory and the relationship among variables, this paper actually uses the compiled scale to explore the influence of parental autonomous support on autonomous motivation and the intermediary role of basic psychological needs in it. The rationality of the scale in theory and the stability in its use are further explained. This study consists of two studies: research one: through literature analysis and discussion with experts in related fields, referring to the existing measurement tools, the Autonomous motivation scale (preliminary Test Edition) is compiled. 296 college students were selected for predictive test. Through exploratory factor analysis of the measured data, combined with the results of the analysis, the basic dimensions of the Autonomy motivation scale are preliminarily determined, and some topics are adjusted or deleted, and finally the Autonomy motivation scale (official version) is formed. Then, 272 college students were selected for formal test, and the internal consistency reliability, structural validity and validity of the scale were collected, and the autonomous motivation scale was finally formed. Study 2: the autonomous motivation scale, parental autonomous support questionnaire and basic needs satisfaction scale were used to measure the college students. This paper discusses the influencing factors of autonomous motivation, including parental autonomous support, basic psychological needs, family socio-economic status, demographic variables, and the intermediary role of psychological needs in parental autonomous support and autonomous motivation. The main conclusions of the two studies are as follows: 1 the autonomous motivation scale developed in this study has good internal consistency reliability, structural validity and external validity, and all the indexes meet the requirements of psychometrics. It can be used to measure the autonomous motivation in adult daily life. 2 the structure of autonomous motivation consists of four dimensions-willfulness, interest, identity and challenge. The four-dimensional structure of autonomous motivation defined in this study is reasonable at the theoretical level and the measurement level. 3 as an important environmental variable, parental autonomous support has a positive predictive effect on autonomous motivation. And this kind of function is realized through the intermediary function of the basic psychological need. No relationship between family socio-economic status and autonomy motivation was found.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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