【摘要】：上世紀(jì)60年代末70年代初，人們開(kāi)始對(duì)記憶課題的研究進(jìn)行反思，似乎覺(jué)得長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)記憶的研究，并沒(méi)有從實(shí)質(zhì)上解決問(wèn)題。我們認(rèn)知過(guò)程中的記憶與生活息息相關(guān)，但研究結(jié)果好像沒(méi)有直接的指導(dǎo)我們的生活。于是開(kāi)始有人將注意力從回溯記憶轉(zhuǎn)為前瞻記憶，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為，前瞻記憶及其遺忘現(xiàn)象更常出現(xiàn)在我們的日常生活中，逐漸的在近年對(duì)其的研究成為記憶心理學(xué)的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。前瞻記憶是一種在未來(lái)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或者在某一線索出現(xiàn)時(shí)需要執(zhí)行的記憶任務(wù)，前瞻記憶任務(wù)的遺忘也是我們生活中常見(jiàn)的遺忘現(xiàn)象。EinsteinMeDaniel（1990）依據(jù)人們需要在何種情況下啟動(dòng)前瞻記憶任務(wù)，將其分為事件性前瞻記憶（event-based prospective memory，ebPM）和時(shí)間性前瞻記憶（time-basedprospective memory，，tbPM），這是人們現(xiàn)在最常見(jiàn)的并且普遍認(rèn)可的前瞻記憶類型。 研究采用雙任務(wù)范式，考察了由實(shí)驗(yàn)本身所引起的焦慮情緒對(duì)時(shí)間性前瞻記憶和背景任務(wù)的影響，并探索了時(shí)間管理傾向和時(shí)間性前瞻記憶之間的關(guān)系。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一所采用的設(shè)計(jì)是2（焦慮啟動(dòng)：是vs否）×2（背景任務(wù)難度：難vs易）完全隨機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)。將被試隨機(jī)分成四組，每組的每個(gè)被試完成其中的一種處理。啟動(dòng)組中，焦慮情緒在實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程中啟動(dòng)，并通過(guò)前測(cè)和后測(cè)的對(duì)比來(lái)確認(rèn)焦慮情緒的啟動(dòng)是否成功。實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明：焦慮情緒的出現(xiàn)會(huì)損害背景任務(wù)的完成，但背景任務(wù)較難時(shí)，焦慮情緒促進(jìn)前瞻記憶任務(wù)的完成，體現(xiàn)了焦慮情緒的動(dòng)機(jī)功能。背景任務(wù)難度的降低會(huì)促進(jìn)背景任務(wù)和時(shí)間性前瞻記憶任務(wù)的完成。由此可推斷，時(shí)間性前瞻記憶的加工模型并非前人所提出的自動(dòng)激活模型，而支持了策略加工的觀點(diǎn)，時(shí)間性前瞻記憶的完成需要依靠人們策略的、有意識(shí)的自我控制和調(diào)節(jié)，人們從原有的背景任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到前瞻記憶任務(wù)的過(guò)程是需要占用認(rèn)知資源的。 根據(jù)黃希庭等人對(duì)時(shí)間人格的定義，時(shí)間管理傾向是個(gè)體在時(shí)間管理上的人格特征。前人的研究認(rèn)為，時(shí)間管理傾向作為一種輔助的手段可以有效的提高時(shí)間性前瞻記憶的成績(jī)，但這種影響同時(shí)也會(huì)受到其他因素的制約，如時(shí)間估計(jì)能力，環(huán)境等因素。本研究中的實(shí)驗(yàn)二探究了時(shí)間管理傾向量表中的各個(gè)維度和時(shí)間性前瞻記憶成績(jī)之間的關(guān)系。相關(guān)分析顯示，時(shí)間效能感、時(shí)間監(jiān)控觀以及時(shí)間價(jià)值感三個(gè)維度均與時(shí)間性前瞻記憶成績(jī)呈正相關(guān)。運(yùn)用回歸統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，通過(guò)時(shí)間管理傾向可以預(yù)測(cè)前瞻記憶行為。
[Abstract]:In the late 1960s and early 1970s, people began to reflect on the study of memory, and it seemed that the study of memory for a long time did not solve the problem in essence. Memory in our cognitive process is closely related to life, but the results do not seem to directly guide our lives. Therefore, some people begin to change their attention from retrospective memory to prospective memory, because they think that prospective memory and its forgetting phenomenon appear more often in our daily life, and the research on it has gradually become a hot issue in memory psychology in recent years. Prospective memory is a memory task that needs to be performed at a certain point in the future or when a clue appears. The forgetting of prospective memory task is also a common forgetting phenomenon in our lives. Einstein MeDaniel (1990) divides it into event prospective memory (event-based prospective memory,) according to the circumstances under which people need to initiate prospective memory task. EbPM) and temporal prospective memory (time-basedprospective memory,tbPM), which are the most common and widely recognized types of prospective memory. In this study, the influence of anxiety caused by the experiment itself on temporal prospective memory and background task was investigated by using the two-task paradigm, and the relationship between time management tendency and temporal prospective memory was explored. The design of experiment 1 is 2 (anxiety initiation: vs no) 脳 2 (background task difficulty: difficult vs is easy) completely random experiment. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was completed by each of the subjects in each group. In the priming group, anxiety was initiated in the process of the experiment, and the success of the priming of anxiety was confirmed by comparing the pre-test with the post-test. The experimental results show that the emergence of anxiety will damage the completion of background tasks, but when background tasks are difficult, anxiety promotes the completion of prospective memory tasks, which reflects the motivation function of anxiety. The reduction of background task difficulty will promote the completion of background task and temporal prospective memory task. It can be inferred that the processing model of temporal prospective memory is not the automatic activation model proposed by the predecessor, but supports the viewpoint of strategic processing. The completion of temporal prospective memory depends on people's strategic and conscious self-control and regulation. The process of transferring from the original background task to the prospective memory task needs to occupy cognitive resources. According to the definition of time personality by Huang Xiting et al., the tendency of time management is the personality characteristic of individual in time management. Previous studies have shown that time management tendency as an auxiliary means can effectively improve the performance of temporal prospective memory, but this influence will also be restricted by other factors, such as time estimation ability, environment and other factors. The second experiment of this study explored the relationship between the dimensions of the time management tendency scale and the scores of temporal prospective memory. The correlation analysis showed that the three dimensions of time efficacy, time monitoring view and time value sense were positively correlated with the achievement of temporal prospective memory. Regression statistics show that prospective memory behavior can be predicted by time management tendency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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