【摘要】：公正世界信念(文中有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“信念”或“BJW”)是一把雙刃劍,具有積極和消極雙重功能。信念結(jié)構(gòu)的劃分為其雙重結(jié)構(gòu)提供了理論解釋。不公正情境對(duì)公正世界信念造成威脅,引發(fā)防御反應(yīng)。自我公正世界信念與他人公正世界信念是公正世界信念的雙重結(jié)構(gòu),這一二維結(jié)構(gòu)各自具有不同的功能。利他懲罰建立在公正知覺(jué)基礎(chǔ)上,以自己付出代價(jià)為前提,需要考慮成本-收益之間的平衡。對(duì)公正的認(rèn)知差異在利弊權(quán)衡過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要功能。 本文主要包括三個(gè)部分,研究一采用問(wèn)卷法尋找公正世界信念兩種結(jié)構(gòu)與利他懲罰的關(guān)系及情境因素嚴(yán)重性的影響；研究二采用第三方懲罰博弈界定信念的結(jié)構(gòu)差異所造成的決策偏好,以公正世界信念為個(gè)人特質(zhì)尋找更易做出利他懲罰的信念結(jié)構(gòu)特征；研究三采用最后通牒博弈掩蓋研究二中利他動(dòng)機(jī)的激活,旨在與研究二形成比較,揭示利他動(dòng)機(jī)的影響機(jī)制。通過(guò)三項(xiàng)研究的對(duì)比和綜合,得出以下幾點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)： 1.公正世界信念影響對(duì)不公正嚴(yán)重性的感知。公正世界信念高者,對(duì)不公正嚴(yán)重性的感知閾限較高；公正世界信念低者,對(duì)不公正嚴(yán)重性的感知閾限較低。 2.只有當(dāng)事件嚴(yán)重威脅個(gè)體的公正世界信念,使自己的認(rèn)知沖突大于自己所能承受的代價(jià)時(shí),人們才愿意做出維護(hù)公正的行為。公正世界信念使人們能夠接受(容忍)一定程度的不公正,特別是維護(hù)公正需要付出代價(jià)時(shí)。但隨著嚴(yán)重程度的提高,超過(guò)某種界限,人們也會(huì)變得“忍無(wú)可忍”,做出維護(hù)公正的懲罰。 3.在特定情境條件下,個(gè)人公正世界信念對(duì)利他懲罰意向具有正向預(yù)測(cè)作用。個(gè)人公正世界信念高于一般公正世界信念的個(gè)體更有可能做出利他懲罰,目.個(gè)人公正世界信念越高,做出利他懲罰的可能性越大。但這種利他功能具有情境依賴性：只有在公正受到嚴(yán)重破壞且具有外顯的利他動(dòng)機(jī)條件下才會(huì)發(fā)生。 4.一般公正世界信念對(duì)利他懲罰意向有負(fù)向預(yù)測(cè)作用。一般公正世界信念高于個(gè)人公正世界信念的個(gè)體只在嚴(yán)重不公正的情境下才表現(xiàn)出對(duì)不公正的厭惡和對(duì)公正的維護(hù),但這種維護(hù)公正的功能更關(guān)注自身的公正而非他人。
[Abstract]:Belief in a just world (sometimes referred to as "belief" or "BJW") is a double-edged sword with both positive and negative functions. The division of belief structure provides a theoretical explanation for its dual structure. Injustice poses a threat to belief in a just world and triggers a defensive response. The belief of self-just world and the belief of others in the just world are the dual structures of the belief of just world, and these two-dimensional structures have different functions. Altruistic punishment is based on the perception of justice, and the cost-benefit balance needs to be considered on the premise of paying the price. The cognitive difference of justice plays an important role in the tradeoff of pros and cons. This paper mainly consists of three parts, to study the relationship between the two structures of belief in a just world and altruistic punishment and the influence of situational factors on the severity of situational factors. In the second study, the third party punishment game is used to define the decision preference caused by the structural differences of beliefs, and the belief in the just world is used as the personal characteristic to find the belief structure characteristics which are easier to make altruistic punishment. In the third study, ultimatum game was used to cover up the activation of altruistic motivation in the second study, in order to form a comparison with the second study and reveal the influence mechanism of altruistic motivation. Through the comparison and synthesis of the three studies, the following findings are obtained: 1. The belief in a just world affects the perception of the gravity of injustice. Those who believe in a just world have a higher threshold for the severity of injustice, and those with a low belief in a just world have a lower threshold for the severity of injustice. two銆，

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