【摘要】：具身認知心理學對非言語線索的研究由來已久,從早期的關于做出微笑的表情能夠強化個體積極情緒的研究,到近年來關于開放與蜷縮的身體姿勢影響個體權力感知的研究,具身認知理論一直試圖強調身體在認知過程中起到的至關重要的作用。但是受制于研究手段以及具身認知理論本身的限制,這類研究通常采用實驗手段施加在身體上,通過監(jiān)測心理指標的變化來驗證研究假設的操作方式,而對于施加在身體上的實驗操作是如何使得心理指標發(fā)生變化的這一過程,無法給出客觀的解釋。本研究首先在理論層面上梳理了關于非言語行為、權力感知以及風險決策的理論發(fā)展及實證研究,闡述了在具身認知理論中身體的非言語線索是如何對權力感知產生影響的,以及在實證研究中風險決策問題是如何作為指標在實驗中反映權力感知的變化的。進而在原有理論的基礎上提出本研究的若干假設。預實驗部分利用Park等人編制的問卷對后續(xù)研究用到的所有身體姿勢進行篩選,以排除在身體姿勢的操作過程中由于文化差異所帶來的潛在影響。實驗一根據可重復性研究的標準,使用權力象征性身體姿勢研究的原始范式對原實驗進行重復,結果顯示高權力組與低權力組在風險決策題目上并未產生顯著差異。實驗二在綜合參考了權力感知研究中經常采用的范式,利用情景啟動的方法提出并驗證了原實驗中使用的風險決策材料不具備有效性的假設。實驗三在原有實驗材料的基礎上,對比權力感知研究中采用的其他風險決策題目,添加了四道額外題目,構成了包含五道題目的風險決策問卷,并用經典的情景啟動范式考察了該問卷的有效性,結果顯示本研究重新編制的風險決策問卷具有較高的有效性,針對被試的權力感知操作能產生顯著地差異。實驗四在本研究編制的新風險決策材料基礎上,參考前人研究,進一步優(yōu)化了實驗操作過程中的指導語,對結果進行的獨立樣本t檢驗顯示,高權力組與低權力組之間仍然沒有顯著的差異產生。在排除了文化背景與風險決策任務可能帶來的影響后,本研究得出如下結論:雖然特定的身體姿勢能夠在中國文化背景下被識別為象征高權力或低權力,但以這類身體姿勢為操縱手段進行的個體權力感知的操作是無效的。
[Abstract]:The study of nonverbal clues in cognitive psychology has a long history, from the early study that smiling expression can strengthen the positive emotion of the individual, to the research on the influence of open and curled body posture on individual power perception in recent years. The theory of body cognition has been trying to emphasize the vital role played by the body in the cognitive process. However, subject to the limitations of research means and body-specific cognitive theory itself, this kind of research usually applies experimental means to the body, and verifies the operation of the research hypothesis by monitoring the changes of psychological indicators. However, it is impossible to give an objective explanation of how the experimental operation applied on the body makes the psychological index change. First of all, this study combs the theoretical development and empirical research on non-verbal acts, power perception and risk decision-making, and expounds how the non-verbal clues of the body have an impact on power perception in the theory of body cognition. And how the risk decision-making problem reflects the change of power perception in the experiment as an index in empirical research. Then, on the basis of the original theory, some assumptions of this study are put forward. In the pre-experiment part, the questionnaire developed by Park et al was used to screen all the body posture used in the follow-up study in order to exclude the potential influence caused by cultural differences in the operation of body posture. In the first experiment, according to the standard of repeatability study, the original paradigm of power symbolic body posture study was used to repeat the original experiment. The results showed that there was no significant difference between high power group and low power group in risk decision making. In experiment 2, referring to the paradigm often used in power perception research, the assumption that the risk decision materials used in the original experiment is not effective is proposed and verified by using the method of situational initiation. On the basis of the original experimental materials, experiment 3 compares the other risk decision questions used in the power perception research, and adds four additional questions to form a risk decision questionnaire containing five questions. The validity of the questionnaire is investigated by using the classical situational priming paradigm. The results show that the risk decision-making questionnaire redesigned in this study has high effectiveness, and there can be significant differences in the power perception operation of the subjects. In experiment 4, on the basis of the new risk decision materials compiled in this study, referring to the previous studies, the guidance language in the process of experimental operation is further optimized, and the independent sample t test of the results shows that, There is still no significant difference between the high power group and the low power group. After excluding the possible impact of cultural background and risk decision-making tasks, this study draws the following conclusions: although a specific body posture can be identified as a symbol of high or low power in the context of Chinese culture, However, the operation of individual power perception by using this kind of body posture as a means of manipulation is invalid.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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