【摘要】：本研究探討了創(chuàng)造性思維中內(nèi)插任務(wù)的特征對醞釀效應(yīng)的影響,從而為解釋醞釀效應(yīng)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制提供某些證據(jù)。實驗1是行為研究,我們比較了四種不同內(nèi)插任務(wù)的醞釀期對后續(xù)創(chuàng)造性認(rèn)知的作用；實驗2是腦電研究,我們以EEG的α波ERD/ERS為生物標(biāo)記物探查醞釀效應(yīng)背后的腦機(jī)制,從神經(jīng)成像學(xué)角度為創(chuàng)造性思維醞釀效應(yīng)內(nèi)在機(jī)制提出進(jìn)一步解釋。 實驗1研究假設(shè)認(rèn)為,如果內(nèi)插任務(wù)引發(fā)的遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)結(jié)加工確實可以解釋醞釀效應(yīng),那么可以預(yù)期如果內(nèi)插任務(wù)促進(jìn)了遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)結(jié)的加工,則無論其認(rèn)知需求水平高低,都會對隨后的創(chuàng)造性表現(xiàn)中產(chǎn)生積極的作用。本實驗采用延遲醞釀實驗范式,選擇非常規(guī)用途任務(wù)(AUT)為目標(biāo)任務(wù)。內(nèi)插任務(wù)包括兩種實驗任務(wù),分別是反思已生成的觀念(RF條件)和字謎任務(wù)(WP條件),這兩種任務(wù)都已被證實能夠引發(fā)遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)結(jié)加工；兩種對照任務(wù),分別是典型特征任務(wù)(OC條件)和組詞任務(wù)(PF條件),這兩種任務(wù)均不能引發(fā)遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)結(jié)加工。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)RF和WP任務(wù)均能引發(fā)顯著的醞釀效應(yīng),OC和PF任務(wù)均不能引發(fā)顯著的醞釀效應(yīng)。該結(jié)果表明,能夠引發(fā)遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)結(jié)加工的任務(wù)無論其認(rèn)知水平高低,均能對醞釀期后的創(chuàng)造性認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生積極作用。這一現(xiàn)象可以用無意識的語義激活擴(kuò)散理論來解釋。 實驗2采用和實驗1相似的研究范式和創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)。考慮到行為實驗中任務(wù)存在同質(zhì)性的問題和腦電研究的時間限制,所以我們比較了RF條件和OC條件(即實驗1證明帶來最顯著和最不顯著的兩種條件)下,被試完成AUT任務(wù)過程的腦電α波活動差異。行為結(jié)果證實,RF醞釀條件較之OC醞釀條件帶來了更顯著的醞釀效應(yīng)。EEG結(jié)果顯示,RF醞釀期伴隨著左右腦前額葉、頂葉α波高頻段能量增加(ERS),而OC醞釀期伴隨著左右腦廣泛的α波高頻段能量的減少(ERD)。EEG結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn),RF內(nèi)插任務(wù)導(dǎo)致后續(xù)完成AUT任務(wù)時左右腦α波活動在額葉區(qū)域的增強(qiáng)。因此,創(chuàng)造性思維任務(wù)中的醞釀效應(yīng)引發(fā)α波同步化,不同的內(nèi)插任務(wù)導(dǎo)致α波能量變化不同。實驗2為支持醞釀效應(yīng)無意識的語義激活擴(kuò)散加工提供了直接的生物學(xué)證據(jù)。 兩個實驗均表明了創(chuàng)造性思維中內(nèi)插任務(wù)的特征影響醞釀效應(yīng),引發(fā)遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)結(jié)加工的內(nèi)插任務(wù)能夠?qū)︶j釀期后的創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)產(chǎn)生積極的作用。醞釀期和醞釀期后完成創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)過程中均伴隨著α波同步化,不同的內(nèi)插任務(wù)導(dǎo)致α波能量變化不同。語義激活擴(kuò)散加工可以較好的解釋本研究結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:This study discusses the influence of the characteristics of interpolation tasks in creative thinking on the brewing effect, so as to provide some evidence for explaining the internal mechanism of the brewing effect. Experiment 1 is behavioral research. We compared the effects of the gestation period of four different interpolation tasks on the subsequent creative cognition. Experiment 2 is EEG research. We use EEG 偽 wave ERD/ERS as biomarker to explore the brain mechanism behind the brewing effect, and propose a further explanation for the internal mechanism of creative thinking brewing effect from the perspective of neuroimaging. The hypothesis of experiment 1 is that if the long-distance connection processing caused by interpolation task can really explain the brewing effect, then it can be expected that if the interpolation task promotes the processing of long-distance connection, regardless of the level of cognitive demand, Will play a positive role in the subsequent creative performance. In this experiment, the delayed brewing experiment paradigm was used, and the unconventional task (AUT) was selected as the target task. The interpolation task includes two kinds of experimental tasks, which are reflection on the generated concept (RF condition) and crossword puzzle task (WP condition), both of which have been proved to be able to trigger long-distance connection processing. The two control tasks are typical feature task (OC condition) and word group task (PF condition). Neither of the two tasks can cause remote connection processing. The results showed that both RF and WP tasks could induce significant brewing effect, but neither OC nor PF task could induce significant brewing effect. The results show that the tasks that can trigger long-distance connection processing, regardless of their cognitive level, can play a positive role in creative cognition after gestation. This phenomenon can be explained by the unconscious theory of semantic activation diffusion. Experiment 2 adopted a similar research paradigm and creative task as experiment 1. Considering the homogeneity of tasks in behavioral experiments and the time limit of EEG research, we compared the RF condition with the OC condition (that is, the two conditions that experiment 1 proved to bring the most significant and the least significant). The difference of EEG 偽 wave activity during the completion of AUT task. The results of behavior showed that RF brewing condition had more significant brewing effect than OC brewing condition. EEG results showed that RF brewing period was accompanied by the increase of (ERS), in the high frequency segment of 偽 wave in the left and right prebrain lobe and parietal lobe. However, OC gestation period was accompanied by the decrease of high frequency energy of 偽 wave in the left and right brain. EEG results also found that the RF interpolation task led to the enhancement of 偽 wave activity in the frontal lobe during the subsequent completion of the AUT task. Therefore, the brewing effect in creative thinking task leads to 偽 wave synchronization, and different interpolation tasks lead to different 偽 wave energy changes. Experiment 2 provides direct biological evidence for semantic activation diffusion processing that supports the unconscious brewing effect. Both experiments show that the characteristics of interpolation tasks in creative thinking affect the brewing effect, and the interpolation tasks that lead to long-distance connection processing can play a positive role in creative tasks after brewing period. The synchronization of 偽 waves is accompanied by the synchronization of 偽 waves in the process of completing creative tasks during and after brewing, and different interpolation tasks lead to different changes of 偽 wave energy. Semantic activation diffusion processing can explain the conclusion of this study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B845

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李文利，，錢銘怡;狀態(tài)特質(zhì)焦慮量表中國大學(xué)生常模修訂[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);1995年01期

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